The BTTV HOWTO

Howard Shane

<hshane[AT]austin.rr.com>
Revision History                                                             
Revision 0.9           2005-01-29            Revised by: jhs                 
Initial rewrite                                                              


This document was written to assist the reader in the steps necessary to
configure and use a video tuner card based on the popular Bt848 and Bt878
chipsets within the Linux operating system.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
    1.1. Copyright Information
    1.2. Disclaimer
    1.3. New Versions
    1.4. Credits
    1.5. Feedback
    1.6. Conventions Used in this Document
   
   
2. The BTTV Hardware
    2.1. Bttv Basics
    2.2. The Sound Output
   
   
3. Enabling Support for Your Bt8x8 Hardware in Linux
    3.1. The Bttv Driver
    3.2. No Bttv module or in-kernel support found?
    3.3. Configuration Requirements for Use of your Bttv Hardware
    3.4. Groups and Permissions
   
   
4. Loading the Modules
    4.1. The Bttv Module
    4.2. The Tuner Module
    4.3. Other Modules
    4.4. Automating the Module Loading Process
   
   
5. Television Applications
    5.1. Console-Based Applications
    5.2. GUI-based Applications
   
   
A. Optional Arguments for Loading Modules
B. Bt8x8 Cards by Number
C. Cards and Features by Manufacturer
D. Recording Video and Sound with Bttv
E. Enabling The FM Radio for Radio-Equipped Cards
F. Gnu Free Documentation License

1. Introduction

This document was written to assist the reader in setting up and configuring
TV tuner cards based on the Bt848 or Bt878 chipsets in the Linux operating
system. It outlines how to enable the necessary kernel and/or software
support and various television applications and software methods of capture
usable with your device. While there is some attempt to catalog individual
cards and features in Appendix C, the ultimate best source of information
about your card and its capabilities will be found in the printed manual that
came with your device or the manufacturer's website.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1. Copyright Information

This document is Copyright 2005, by Howard Shane.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections,
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license can be
found in Appendix F.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.2. Disclaimer

No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the
concepts, examples and other content entirely at your own risk. There may be
technical or other inaccuracies that may result in the loss of irreplaceable
data. In any case, proceed with caution, and realize that although errors are
unlikely, the author can accept no responsibility for them.

All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting
the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.3. New Versions

This is the first release of the initial rewrite.

The latest version number of this document can be found [http://www.tldp.org/
HOWTO/BTTV.html] here.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.4. Credits

Eric Sandeen deserves profuse thanks for writing the original Bttv-HOWTO and
allowing me to assume its maintenance. Thanks also to Greg Watson for use of
the script in Appendix D

Also, I would like to thank Marla, without whose encouragement this project
would not have been possible.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.5. Feedback

Please send any information you may feel important to the following email
address: <hshane[AT]austin.rr.com>, whether you have a correction, addition
or update. I welcome suggestions on how to improve this document.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.6. Conventions Used in this Document

The following conventions are used in this document and are outlined here for
those who may not yet have a complete understanding of how to access and
control the underlying operating system in Linux, which is usually via the
Bash shell.

First, filenames are referenced in a paragraph like so: /path/file

Commands in Linux are executed (or 'called') at the command prompt, otherwise
known as the 'command line.' If you are in the non-graphical (text-based)
environment, you will usually be presented with the Bash shell prompt which
is a dollar sign:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $                                                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...or the hash mark:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   #                                                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...if you have logged in as root or have otherwise acquired root, or
'superuser' privileges. You can also access the Bash shell in the X window
system, otherwise known as X or X11, with an [http://invisible-island.net/
xterm/] xterm or similar X-terminal-emulator. Commands to be performed at the
Bash prompt, but referenced in a paragraph of this document, usually look
like this: do this now

Commands and/or the resulting output of commands may also be outlined with
screen output in their own paragraph or heading:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ date                                                                  |
|   Sun Jul 27 22:37:11 CDT 2003                                            |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

When a command is written in front of the Bash prompt (e.g., $ date above),
it is assumed the [Return] or [Enter] key has been pressed after the command,
possibly followed by the output on a new line as shown in the preceding
example.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. The BTTV Hardware

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1. Bttv Basics

If you haven't figured it out by now, this document deals with the
Linux-specific configuration of frame grabber cards that include the [http://
www.conexant.com] Conexant Bt848 and related family of video decoder chips,
collectively referred to as the "Bt8x8" chipset. You can probably see the
Bt8x8 chip (it's usually labelled as such) embedded on your TV card upon
inspection, in addition to other chips which you should probably make note of
before installation in case there are problems later. The "Bt" stands for
Brooktree, after the original manufacturer of the chipset, now a part of
Conexant. The Bt8x8 family has enjoyed remarkable longevity in a world where
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law] Moore's Law is the rule, the
first ISA boards manufactured in the mid-1990s. There are several chips in
this family, including the Bt848, Bt848A, Bt849, Bt878 and Bt879, and as a
rule are all supported by the [http://linux.bytesex.org/v4l2/bttv.html] BTTV
driver for which this document is named.

In addition to the Bt8x8 decoder chip, these cards vary by accompanying
components such as the tuner and sound decoder, and may include an optional
videotext decoder, radio tuner, and/or hardware mpeg encoder.

Note that the next generation of bt8x8, the [http://linux.bytesex.org/v4l2/
cx88.html] Conexant 2388x, is now supported by a driver in the Linux 2.6
kernel. The configuration of hardware with that chipset is beyond the scope
of this document (but similar).

In general, any PCI card with a Bt8x8 chipset should work with the Linux Bttv
driver. TV cards known NOT to work include the following:

  * Cards with a Zoran 36057/36067 PCI controller chipset, which are instead
    supported by [http://mjpeg.sf.net/driver-zoran/] this driver, and
    includes the following models:
   
      + Iomega Buz
       
      + Pinnacle DC10+
       
      + Linux Media Labs LML33
       
   
  * Cards with a Philips SAA7130/7134 controller
   
  * Multimedia eXtension Board cards, manufactured by Siemens-Nixdorf
   
  * Hexium HV-PCI6, Orion or Gemini framegrabber cards
   
  * Any ISA-based TV card
   

If you are uncertain which chipset your TV card has, use the lspci command.
An example of such output for a Bt8x8 card might look similar to the
following:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   0000:02:0a.0 Multimedia video controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 Video   |
|      Capture (rev 02)                                                           |
|   0000:02:0a.1 Multimedia controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 Audio Capture |
|      (rev 02)                                                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

A list of hardware (mostly PCI cards) compatible with the Bttv driver is
found in Appendix B
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.2. The Sound Output

Your card may have come with a short external audio connector with two male
ends. This is for connecting your Bttv audio out to your sound card's input
jack so you won't require an extra set of speakers. Some cards may also have
a 4-pin socket for output of your Bt8x8 audio signals directly to your sound
card within your computer case. You can connect this to your "CDROM" input
with reasonable certainty that you will be able to control the input with
your mixer from your primary sound card as well as record (see Appendix D for
more information on recording). Alternatively you can use external speakers
connected to the line out of your Bt8x8 card.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Enabling Support for Your Bt8x8 Hardware in Linux

3.1. The Bttv Driver

Drivers for Bt8x8-based hardware have been a part of the [http://
www.kernel.org/] Linux [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Kernel_%28computer_science%29] kernel since version 2.2.0, and are likely to
be already enabled in your running kernel if you have not recompiled or
otherwise replaced your system's stock kernel with a custom version. If
unavailable, Bt8x8 support can be enabled two ways:

  * by recompiling your kernel using the source code using downloaded
    kernel-source from your distribution or fetched directly from [http://
    www.kernel.org] the kernel source repository
   
  * the Bttv driver can be fetched directly from [http://bytesex.org/
    bttv.html] the Bttv home page and then patching your available kernel
    source, which should only be necessary if you have a kernel version prior
    to 2.2.0 or later than 2.0.35; earlier versions are not likely to work.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1.1. Module or In-Kernel?

It is likely the stock kernel that was installed on your Linux system, if
unmodified, already supports Bt8x8-based hardware. The driver will exist
either as a loadable module or within the already running kernel. An easy way
to tell is to use the dmesg command piped into less (for easy viewing) to
look for an acknowledgement that the driver in question was loaded when your
system started up:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ dmesg | less                                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...which may yield something like the following, depending on your exact
Bt8x8 chipset features and kernel version (in this case, 2.6):

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv: driver version 0.9.15 loaded         |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv: using 8 buffers with 2080k           |
|      (520 pages) each for capture                                              |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv: Bt8xx card found (0).                |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:02:09.0[A] ->     |
|      GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17                                             |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv0: Bt878 (rev 2) at 0000:02:09.0,      |
|      irq: 17, latency: 32, mmio: 0xe7000000                                    |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv0: detected: Hauppauge WinTV           |
|      [card=10], PCI subsystem ID is 0070:13eb                                  |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv0: using: Hauppauge (bt878) [card=10,  |
|      autodetected]                                                             |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: bttv0: using tuner=2                       |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: tuner: chip found at addr 0xc2 i2c-bus     |
|      bt878 #0 [sw]                                                             |
|   Jan 26 19:40:04 localhost kernel: tuner: type set to 2 (Philips NTSC         |
|      (FI1236, FM1236 and compatibles)) by bt878 #0 [sw]                        |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

If you don't see it, the particular driver module you are interested in may
be available but not necessarily loaded at that time. If you know what the
module is named, try using find; in this example we are looking for the
'bttv' module:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ find /lib/modules -name bttv.o                                        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Note that up until the 2.4 series modules had the suffix .o; for 2.6+ series
kernels this was replaced with .ko.

You can get a list of all modules available by typing the following at the
command line:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                           |
|   $ ls -R /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Where `uname -r`, surrounded by forward tick marks, is your kernel version
number. The following output is an example of what you might find in a
Bttv-ready kernel, where everything is loaded as a module (edited for
brevity):

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   /lib/modules/2.6.8/kernel/drivers/media/video:                           |
|    btcx-risc.ko    ir-kbd-i2c.ko  tda9875.ko  tvaudio.ko      video-buf.ko |
|    bttv.ko         msp3400.ko     tda9887.ko  v4l1-compat.ko  videodev.ko  |
|    ir-kbd-gpio.ko  tda7432.ko     tuner.ko    v4l2-common.ko               |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Again, your output may vary by the currently running kernel capabilities.

Once you know which module your hardware needs you can find out if it is
already loaded by typing at the command line or in a terminal window:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # lsmod                                                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

As shown by the prompt above, you will need to have root privileges to do
this. You should get output similar to, but not necessarily limited to the
following:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   snd_bt87x              11400  0                                         |
|   tuner                  18832  0                                         |
|   tvaudio                20428  0                                         |
|   msp3400                22100  0                                         |
|   bttv                  145804  0                                         |
|   video_buf              17476  1 bttv                                    |
|   i2c_algo_bit            8904  1 bttv                                    |
|   v4l2_common             4928  1 bttv                                    |
|   videodev                7232  2 quickcam,bttv                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Most stock kernels are compiled with kmod, which enables automatic loading of
necessary modules when the appropriate hardware is detected. It may not
always do so, however, so if you don't have the particular module you're
seeking loaded and you think the module may be available, try loading it
manually with modprobe, as in the following example (using the bttv module):

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # modprobe -v bttv                                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.2. No Bttv module or in-kernel support found?

If your running kernel or precompiled distribution kernel inexplicably
doesn't have Bt8x8 support enabled or available, your can always acquire new
kernel source code from the Linux [http://www.kernel.org] kernel.org source
code repository. If you are unfamiliar with the prerequisites and procedure
of compiling your own kernel, I direct you to the [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/
Kernel-HOWTO.html] Kernel HOWTO for more information.

If you do recompile, the Bttv driver itself will obviously need to be
enabled, and is found in the heading entitled "Multimedia Devices" -> "Video
for Linux" in the 2.4 and earlier kernels in menuconfig or xconfig, or
alternatively in "Device Drivers" -> "Multimedia Devices" -> "Video for
Linux" -> "BT848 Video For Linux" in the 2.6+ series.

Note You will need i2c subsystem support enabled as well as i2c-algo-bit.    

Device support (i2c-dev) is not required for Bt8x8 support. Earlier than
kernel version 2.3.34 i2c is not present in the kernel source and a patch
must be fetched and applied to your source, found at the [http://
secure.netroedge.com/~lm78/download.html] lm_sensors homepage.

If you are running a 2.4 series kernel, btaudio in the OSS "Sound" category
is optional if you want to use external speakers attached to the the card's
audio out jack, and either (or both) OSS or ALSA sound system btaudio drivers
in the 2.6+ series.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.3. Configuration Requirements for Use of your Bttv Hardware

Once you know your kernel is enabled you can proceed to some minor tuning
that may already be done for you depending on your system and distributor and
distribution features.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.3.1. Device Files

If you are using [http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/rgooch/linux/docs/
devfs.html] Device Filesystem (devfs) or [http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/
utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html] udev your work in this respect may be done
for you dynamically, but at the same time the devices may not exist until
they are recognized by the kernel (i.e., the necessary modules loaded), so be
sure you have taken care of the previously outlined prerequisites first.

The Linux kernel requires a virtual device node be created to access and
control a particular piece of hardware. This node may have already been
created for you automatically; ls -l /dev/video* (with an asterisk) or
alternatively find /dev -name video* or even visual inspection of the /dev
directory with your favorite file manager can give you an idea if the video
devices exist. If so you can proceed to Section 3.4; if not you will need to
create them manually.

An easy way to create them, if available with your Linux distribution, is use
of the MAKEDEV script, which may be located in /dev or the usual places for
storing executable commands (/bin,/sbin and so on). The manual page for
MAKEDEV (man MAKEDEV) can guide you further, but be aware of the
device-specific command options. If MAKEDEV doesn't work or doesn't exist, or
you just prefer doing things the hard way, move on to the next paragraph.

A device can be created as a block (such as a drive), a FIFO
(file-in-file-out or pipe, as in xconsole) or a character device, which
represents other hardware. Each device has a major and a minor number 
"coordinate" to tell the kernel what it is and where to access it. These
numbers are not arbitrary. The major number 81 with minor number 0, 1, 2, and
so on are by convention assigned to Video4linux devices, including TV tuner
boards and webcams. In order to create the video device /dev/video0, use 
mknod at the command line:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # mknod /dev/video0 c 81 0                                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

where c represents a character device.

 You can use the following script, which I have borrowed from the kernel
source (located in linux/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/MAKEDEV of the source
tree):

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   #!/bin/bash                                                             |
|   function makedev () {                                                   |
|        for dev in 0 1 2 3; do echo "/dev/$1$dev:                          |
|        char 81 $[ $2 + $dev ]" rm -f /dev/$1$dev                          |
|        mknod /dev/$1$dev c 81 $[ $2 + $dev ] chmod                        |
|        666 /dev/$1$dev                                                    |
|        done                                                               |
|                                                                           |
|        # symlink for default device                                       |
|        rm -f /dev/$1 ln -s /dev/${1}0 /dev/$1                             |
|        }                                                                  |
|                                                                           |
|        # see http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4lapi.shtml          |
|        echo "*** new device names ***" makedev video                      |
|        0 makedev radio 64 makedev vtx 192 makedev vbi 224                 |
|        # "*** old device names (for compatibility only) ***"              |
|        #makedev bttv 0 #makedev bttv-fm 64 #makedev bttv-vbi 224          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Simply copy and paste the above into your favorite editing program, save it
as MAKEDEV or whatever name you like, make it executable (i.e., chmod u+x
MAKEDEV), and then execute it as root:

 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # ./MAKEDEV                                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.4. Groups and Permissions

It is a good idea to be sure that your user account can access the device
once all modules are loaded and device nodes created. The most
security-conscious way to do that is to add access for a particular group. On
my system, the members of the group 'video' are allowed to use the webcam,
scanner and other photographic devices. The way to accomplish this is to
first change the ownership of the devices in /dev like so (as root):

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # chown root.video /dev/usb/video*                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...where root.video are the owner and group the device will now belong to.
Obviously, the specific command will vary by your system and the type of
device. It is important that you change the ownership of the device node
itself and not the symlink; symlinks' ownerships are affected only by
changing the parent devices or files they point to.

To see if your user account is a member of the group in question, as root
issue the following command:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # grep -e video /etc/group                                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You should see something like the following:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   video:x:44:                                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...where '44' is the group number. Since no members follow the last colon in
the 'video' group, we can add them, let's say user 'jhs' with the command

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # adduser jhs  video                                                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

After this, it's simply a matter of allowing read and write access for the
user in question of the device like so:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # chmod g+rw /dev/v4l/video0                                            |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

...where g+rw means add read and write access for group. See the
documentation for chmod (man chmod or info chmod) for further info.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Loading the Modules

This section is only for those whose modules don't load automatically and/or
correctly. For a complete list of options by module, see Appendix A.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.1. The Bttv Module

Once your card is installed, you can load the bttv module if your kernel
hasn't already done it for you. Using the modprobe command as root, type
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # modprobe bttv                                                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The modules videodev and i2c may be required prior to this if you are running
a pre-2.4 series kernel. By default, the bttv will try to autodetect your
card type; you can inspect /var/log/messages to see what it finds. If it
doesn't autodetect properly, you can add the card=# option to the end of the
previous command to force a your particular card type, a list of which are
found in Appendix B or on your system in your kernel source Documentation if
installed in the usual place (/usr/src/linux. If you get in trouble and need
to remove the module, you can use rmmod:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ rmmod bttv                                                            |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You can then reload the module with the appropriate options.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.2. The Tuner Module

If necessary, load the tuner module, with
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # modprobe tuner                                                        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
If the tuner is not correctly identified you may need to supply the magic
number for tuner-type:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   # modprobe tuner type=#                                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

You may need to dig into your case to see which tuner you have if you can't
find the maker and model in the printed specifications that came with your
hardware, or if this information is otherwise unavailable. It should be
marked with the brand name and may support one or more of the three major
broadcast standards in use in the world, whether [http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/NTSC] NTSC, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL] PAL or [http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SECAM] SECAM. In general, chipsets manufactured for the
US market are NTSC; for Europe, PAL, and Asia PAL or SECAM. Some countries
support more than one standard.

Once you have identified your tuner, select the value of n from the following
list:

   tuner=n        type of tuner chip
  --------------------------------------------------------------

  tuner=0      Temic PAL (4002 FH5)
  tuner=1      Philips PAL_I (FI1246 and compatibles)
  tuner=2      Philips NTSC (FI1236,FM1236 and compatibles)
  tuner=3      Philips (SECAM+PAL_BG) (FI1216MF, FM1216MF, FR1216MF)
  tuner=4      NoTuner
  tuner=5      Philips PAL_BG (FI1216 and compatibles)
  tuner=6      Temic NTSC (4032 FY5)
  tuner=7      Temic PAL_I (4062 FY5)
  tuner=8      Temic NTSC (4036 FY5)
  tuner=9      Alps HSBH1
  tuner=10     Alps TSBE1
  tuner=11     Alps TSBB5
  tuner=12     Alps TSBE5
  tuner=13     Alps TSBC5
  tuner=14     Temic PAL_BG (4006FH5)
  tuner=15     Alps TSCH6
  tuner=16     Temic PAL_DK (4016 FY5)
  tuner=17     Philips NTSC_M (MK2)
  tuner=18     Temic PAL_I (4066 FY5)
  tuner=19     Temic PAL* auto (4006 FN5)
  tuner=20     Temic PAL_BG (4009 FR5) or PAL_I (4069 FR5)
  tuner=21     Temic NTSC (4039 FR5)
  tuner=22     Temic PAL/SECAM multi (4046 FM5)
  tuner=23     Philips PAL_DK (FI1256 and compatibles)
  tuner=24     Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FQ1216ME)
  tuner=25     LG PAL_I+FM (TAPC-I001D)
  tuner=26     LG PAL_I (TAPC-I701D)
  tuner=27     LG NTSC+FM (TPI8NSR01F)
  tuner=28     LG PAL_BG+FM (TPI8PSB01D)
  tuner=29     LG PAL_BG (TPI8PSB11D)
  tuner=30     Temic PAL* auto + FM (4009 FN5)
  tuner=31     SHARP NTSC_JP (2U5JF5540)
  tuner=32     Samsung PAL TCPM9091PD27
  tuner=33     MT20xx universal
  tuner=34     Temic PAL_BG (4106 FH5)
  tuner=35     Temic PAL_DK/SECAM_L (4012 FY5)
  tuner=36     Temic NTSC (4136 FY5)
  tuner=37     LG PAL (newer TAPC series)
  tuner=38     Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FM1216ME MK3)
  tuner=39     LG NTSC (newer TAPC series)
  tuner=40     HITACHI V7-J180AT
  tuner=41     Philips PAL_MK (FI1216 MK)
  tuner=42     Philips 1236D ATSC/NTSC 
  tuner=43     Philips NTSC MK3 (FM1236MK3 or FM1236/F)
  tuner=44     Philips 4 in 1 (ATI TV Wonder Pro/Conexant)
  tuner=45     Microtune 4049 FM5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.3. Other Modules

Don't forget to load any other modules you may need, including btaudio if you
plan on recording or capturing audio to another application.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.4. Automating the Module Loading Process

After you know which modules and options you need, you can automate the
process by putting the information into /etc/conf.modules or /etc/
modules.conf, depending on your distribution. Then, running an application
which needs the driver will cause it to be loaded automatically with the
appropriate options. The following is an example entry:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # TV                                                                      |
| alias  char-major-81    bttv                                              |
| pre-install bttv        modprobe -k tuner; modprobe -k msp3400            |
| options                 bttv               radio=1  card=3                |
| options tuner           type=2                                            |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Television Applications

Now that your kernel is configured, your devices have been configured, and
your modules are inserted, you will also need an application to actually view
or capture the images from your card.

 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1. Console-Based Applications

5.1.1. FbTV

Fbtv is a console-only mode TV viewing program available for viewing on a
framebuffer-video enabled system with a Bt8x8 card. If you don't know what a
framebuffer is you can read the [http://tldp.org/HOWTO/
Framebuffer-HOWTO.html] Framebuffer HOWTO. Fbtv is available from the Bttv
homepage with [http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/] Xawtv.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1.2. AATV

[http://n00n.free.fr/aatv/] AATV is a simple program to watch TV on a text
console under Linux using aalib and a Bt8x8 card. While the graphics are
enabled in ascii graphics only, the advantage is that you (or anyone) can
watch television from anywhere over the internet using your local Bt8x8
hardware.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2. GUI-based Applications

The following applications require a graphical user interface such as GNOME,
KDE etc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2.1. Xawtv

[http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/] Xawtv is arguably the best-known Linux
application used for viewing TV from video sources including Bt8x8 devices;
most Linux distributions have packaged versions. If you're not sure of your
device configuration you probably ought to start with Xawtv and the -hwscan
option to check for suitable devices:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| $ xawtv -hwscan                                                           |
| This is xawtv-3.94, running on Linux/i686 (2.6.8)                         |
| looking for available devices                                             |
| port 139-139                                                              |
|     type : Xvideo, image scaler                                           |
|     name : NV17 Video Overlay                                             |
|                                                                           |
| port 140-140                                                              |
|     type : Xvideo, image scaler                                           |
|     name : NV17 Video Texture                                             |
|                                                                           |
| port 141-172                                                              |
|     type : Xvideo, image scaler                                           |
|     name : NV05 Video Blitter                                             |
|                                                                           |
| port 173-173                            [ -xvport 173 ]                   |
|     type : Xvideo, video overlay                                          |
|     name : NVIDIA Video Interface Port                                    |
|                                                                           |
| /dev/video0: OK                         [ -device /dev/video0 ]           |
|     type : v4l2                                                           |
|     name : BT878 video (Hauppauge (bt878))                                |
|     flags: overlay capture tuner                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Now that you know your Bt8x8 device is available, try starting Xawtv:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ xawtv -device /dev/video0                                             |
|                                                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Note that some Nvidia cards may confuse xawtv, so if you have one of these be
sure to use the -device switch as above.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2.2. Motv

Motv is a Motif-based rewrite of Xawtv. Other than a more attractive
interface, and is also found at [http://www.bytesex.org/] the Xawtv homepage.
It is otherwise identical to Xawtv.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2.3. TVtime

TVtime is the ultimate application for those who want to watch TV using an
application that doesn't get in the way and requires little or no
configuration 'out of the box.' The homepage can be found at [http://
tvtime.sourceforge.net/] the sourceforge TVtime homepage.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Optional Arguments for Loading Modules


videodev.o
-----------------------------
   
   This is the basic video4linux module, all video 
   drivers (incl. bttv) register themselves here.



i2c.o
------------------------
   
   The generic i2c module. It does much of the i2c bus
   management, all other modules (except videodev.o)
   use this one.

   modprobe args:
      scan=1   scan the bus for i2c devices
      verbose=0   shut up i2c
      i2c_debug=1   for debugging, it sticks the 
         whole (software) i2c bus traffic to the syslog

 
bttv.o
-------------------------
   
   The bt848 (grabber chip) driver.

   modprobe args:
      remap=adr  remap Bt848 memory to address less than 20
      vidmem=base frame buffer address over 20 (of 
         graphic card)
      triton1=0/1  for Triton1 compatibility; Triton1 is 
         automatically recognized but this might also help with other chipsets
      pll=0/1/2  pll settings (0: don't use PLL; 1: 28 MHz crystal installed
         2: 35 MHz crystal installed
      radio=0/1 card supports radio
      card=n  card type: see the next section for the complete list;
         remap, card, radio and pll accept up to four comma-separated arguments
 (for multiple boards).  The CARD and PLL defines from the Makefile
         are used as defaults.

 
 
msp3400.o
----------------------------
   
   The driver for the msp34xx sound processor chips. If you have a
   stereo card, you probably want to modprobe this one.

   modprobe args:
      debug=1/2  print some debug info to the syslog, 2 is more verbose.



*tea6300.o
-----------------------------
   
   The driver for the tea6300 fader chip.  If you have a stereo
   card and the msp3400.o doesn't work, you might want to try this
   one.  This chip is seen on most STB TV/FM cards (usually from
   Gateway OEM sold surplus on auction sites).

   modprobe args:
      debug=1  print some debug info to the syslog.



*tda8425.o
-----------------------------

   The driver for the tda8425 fader chip.  This driver used to be
   part of bttv.c, so if your sound used to work but does not
   anymore, try loading this module.

   modprobe args:
      debug=1  print some debug info to the syslog.



*tda9855.o
-----------------------------

   The driver for the tda9855 stereo decoder / audio processor chip.

   modprobe args:
      debug=1  print some debug info to the syslog.



*dpl3518.o
-----------------------------

   Driver for the dpl3518a Dolby Pro Logic Processor.

   modprobe args:
      debug=1  print some debug info to the syslog.



tuner.o
--------------------------
   
   The tuner driver.  You need this unless you want to use only
   with a camera or external tuner.
   
   modprobe args:
      debug=1  print some debug info to the syslog
      type=n type of the tuner chip. n as seen in Section 4



i2c_chardev.o
--------------------------------

   Provides a character device for i2c bus access.  Works for 2.1.x
   only, not compiled by default.
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Bt8x8 Cards by Number

These are the option numbers for cards for use with modprobe.This does not
boast to be a complete list by any means; it is copied nearly verbatim from
the kernel source documentation for bttv. If your card is not listed it may
or may not be supported depending on the chipset and accompanying components
with which it is constructed.

 card=n        card type
-------------------------------------------------------

 card=0      UNKNOWN/GENERIC
 card=1      MIRO PCTV
 card=2      Hauppauge (bt848)
 card=3      STB, Gateway P/N 6000699 (bt848)
 card=4      Intel Create and Share PCI/ Smart Video Recorder III
 card=5      Diamond DTV2000
 card=6      AVerMedia TVPhone
 card=7      MATRIX-Vision MV-Delta
 card=8      Lifeview FlyVideo II (Bt848) LR26 / MAXI TV Video PCI2 LR26
 card=9      IMS/IXmicro TurboTV
 card=10     Hauppauge (bt878)
 card=11     MIRO PCTV pro
 card=12     ADS Technologies Channel Surfer TV (bt848)
 card=13     AVerMedia TVCapture 98
 card=14     Aimslab Video Highway Xtreme (VHX)
 card=15     Zoltrix TV-Max
 card=16     Prolink Pixelview PlayTV (bt878)
 card=17     Leadtek WinView 601
 card=18     AVEC Intercapture
 card=19     Lifeview FlyVideo II EZ /FlyKit LR38 Bt848 (capture only)
 card=20     CEI Raffles Card
 card=21     Lifeview FlyVideo 98/ Lucky Star Image World ConferenceTV LR50
 card=22     Askey CPH050/ Phoebe Tv Master + FM
 card=23     Modular Technology MM201/MM202/MM205/MM210/MM215 PCTV, bt878
 card=24     Askey CPH05X/06X (bt878) [many vendors]
 card=25     Terratec TerraTV+ Version 1.0 (Bt848)/ Terra TValue Version 1.0/
 Vobis TV-Boostar
 card=26     Hauppauge WinCam newer (bt878)
 card=27     Lifeview FlyVideo 98/ MAXI TV Video PCI2 LR50
 card=28     Terratec TerraTV+ Version 1.1 (bt878)
 card=29     Imagenation PXC200
 card=30     Lifeview FlyVideo 98 LR50
 card=31     Formac iProTV, Formac ProTV I (bt848)
 card=32     Intel Create and Share PCI/ Smart Video Recorder III
 card=33     Terratec TerraTValue Version Bt878
 card=34     Leadtek WinFast 2000/ WinFast 2000 XP
 card=35     Lifeview FlyVideo 98 LR50 / Chronos Video Shuttle II
 card=36     Lifeview FlyVideo 98FM LR50 / Typhoon TView TV/FM Tuner
 card=37     Prolink PixelView PlayTV pro
 card=38     Askey CPH06X TView99
 card=39     Pinnacle PCTV Studio/Rave
 card=40     STB TV PCI FM, Gateway P/N 6000704 (bt878), 3Dfx VoodooTV 100
 card=41     AVerMedia TVPhone 98
 card=42     ProVideo PV951
 card=43     Little OnAir TV
 card=44     Sigma TVII-FM
 card=45     MATRIX-Vision MV-Delta 2
 card=46     Zoltrix Genie TV/FM
 card=47     Terratec TV/Radio+
 card=48     Askey CPH03x/ Dynalink Magic TView
 card=49     IODATA GV-BCTV3/PCI
 card=50     Prolink PV-BT878P+4E / PixelView PlayTV PAK / Lenco MXTV-9578 CP
 card=51     Eagle Wireless Capricorn2 (bt878A)
 card=52     Pinnacle PCTV Studio Pro
 card=53     Typhoon TView RDS + FM Stereo / KNC1 TV Station RDS
 card=54     Lifeview FlyVideo 2000 /FlyVideo A2/ Lifetec LT 9415 TV [LR90]
 card=55     Askey CPH031/ BESTBUY Easy TV
 card=56     Lifeview FlyVideo 98FM LR50
 card=57     GrandTec 'Grand Video Capture' (Bt848)
 card=58     Askey CPH060/ Phoebe TV Master Only (No FM)
 card=59     Askey CPH03x TV Capturer
 card=60     Modular Technology MM100PCTV
 card=61     AG Electronics GMV1
 card=62     Askey CPH061/ BESTBUY Easy TV (bt878)
 card=63     ATI TV-Wonder
 card=64     ATI TV-Wonder VE
 card=65     Lifeview FlyVideo 2000S LR90
 card=66     Terratec TValueRadio
 card=67     IODATA GV-BCTV4/PCI
 card=68     3Dfx VoodooTV FM (Euro), VoodooTV 200 (USA)
 card=69     Active Imaging AIMMS
 card=70     Prolink Pixelview PV-BT878P+ (Rev.4C,8E)
 card=71     Lifeview FlyVideo 98EZ (capture only) LR51
 card=72     Prolink Pixelview PV-BT878P+9B (PlayTV Pro rev.9B FM+NICAM)
 card=73     Sensoray 311
 card=74     RemoteVision MX (RV605)
 card=75     Powercolor MTV878/ MTV878R/ MTV878F
 card=76     Canopus WinDVR PCI (COMPAQ Presario 3524JP, 5112JP)
 card=77     GrandTec Multi Capture Card (Bt878)
 card=78     Jetway TV/Capture JW-TV878-FBK, Kworld KW-TV878RF
 card=79     DSP Design TCVIDEO
 card=80     Hauppauge WinTV PVR
 card=81     IODATA GV-BCTV5/PCI
 card=82     Osprey 100/150 (878)
 card=83     Osprey 100/150 (848)
 card=84     Osprey 101 (848)
 card=85     Osprey 101/151
 card=86     Osprey 101/151 w/ svid
 card=87     Osprey 200/201/250/251
 card=88     Osprey 200/250
 card=89     Osprey 210/220
 card=90     Osprey 500
 card=91     Osprey 540
 card=92     Osprey 2000
 card=93     IDS Eagle
 card=94     Pinnacle PCTV Sat
 card=95     Formac ProTV II (bt878)
 card=96     MachTV
 card=97     Euresys Picolo
 card=98     ProVideo PV150
 card=99     AD-TVK503
 card=100    Hercules Smart TV Stereo
 card=101    Pace TV & Radio Card
 card=102    IVC-200
 card=103    Grand X-Guard / Trust 814PCI
 card=104    Nebula Electronics DigiTV
 card=105    ProVideo PV143
 card=106    PHYTEC VD-009-X1 MiniDIN (bt878)
 card=107    PHYTEC VD-009-X1 Combi (bt878)
 card=108    PHYTEC VD-009 MiniDIN (bt878)
 card=109    PHYTEC VD-009 Combi (bt878)
 card=110    IVC-100
 card=111    IVC-120G
 card=112    pcHDTV HD-2000 TV
 card=113    Twinhan DST + clones
 card=114    Winfast VC100
 card=115    Teppro TEV-560/InterVision IV-560
 card=116    SIMUS GVC1100
 card=117    NGS NGSTV+
 card=118    LMLBT4
 card=119    Tekram M205 PRO
 card=120    Conceptronic CONTVFMi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Cards and Features by Manufacturer

MATRIX Vision
-------------

MV-Delta
- Bt848A
- 4 Composite inputs, 1 S-VHS input (shared with 4th composite)
- EEPROM

http://www.matrix-vision.de/

This card has no tuner but supports all 4 composite (1 shared with an
S-VHS input) of the Bt848A.
Very nice card if you only have satellite TV but several tuners connected
to the card via composite.

Many thanks to Matrix-Vision for giving us 2 cards for free which made
Bt848a/Bt849 single crystal operation support possible!!!



Miro/Pinnacle PCTV
------------------

- Bt848 
  some (all??) come with 2 crystals for PAL/SECAM and NTSC 
- PAL, SECAM or NTSC TV tuner (Philips or TEMIC)
- MSP34xx sound decoder on add on board
  decoder is supported but AFAIK does not yet work 
  (other sound MUX setting in GPIO port needed??? somebody who fixed this???)
- 1 tuner, 1 composite and 1 S-VHS input
- tuner type is autodetected

http://www.miro.de/
http://www.miro.com/


Many thanks for the free card which made first NTSC support possible back
in 1997!


Hauppauge Win/TV pci
--------------------

There are many different versions of the Hauppauge cards with different 
tuners (TV+Radio ...), teletext decoders.
Note that even cards with same model numbers have (depending on the revision)
different chips on it.

- Bt848 (and others but always in 2 crystal operation???)
  newer cards have a Bt878
- PAL, SECAM, NTSC or tuner with or without Radio support

e.g.:
  PAL: 
  TDA5737: VHF, hyperband and UHF mixer/
oscillator for TV and VCR 3-band tuners
  TSA5522: 1.4 GHz I2C-bus controlled synthesizer, I2C 0xc2-0xc3
  
  NTSC:
  TDA5731: VHF, hyperband and UHF mixer/
oscillator for TV and VCR 3-band tuners
  TSA5518: no datasheet available on Philips site
- Philips SAA5246 or SAA5284 ( or no) Teletext decoder chip
  with buffer RAM (e.g. Winbond W24257AS-35: 32Kx8 CMOS static RAM)
  SAA5246 (I2C 0x22) is supported
- 256 bytes EEPROM: Microchip 24LC02B or Philips 8582E2Y 
  with configuration information
  I2C address 0xa0 (24LC02B also responds to 0xa2-0xaf)
- 1 tuner, 1 composite and (depending on model) 1 S-VHS input
- 14052B: mux for selection of sound source
- sound decoder: TDA9800, MSP34xx (stereo cards) 


Askey CPH-Series
----------------
Developed by TelSignal(?), OEMed by many vendors (Typhoon, Anubis, Dynalink)

  Card series:
    CPH01x: BT848 capture only
    CPH03x: BT848
    CPH05x: BT878 with FM
    CPH06x: BT878 (w/o FM)f/
    CPH07x: BT878 capture only
 
  TV standards:
     CPH0x0: NTSC-M/M
     CPH0x1: PAL-B/G
     CPH0x2: PAL-I/I
     CPH0x3: PAL-D/K
     CPH0x4: SECAM-L/L 
     CPH0x5: SECAM-B/G 
     CPH0x6: SECAM-D/K 
     CPH0x7: PAL-N/N 
     CPH0x8: PAL-B/H 
     CPH0x9: PAL-M/M

  CPH03x was often sold as "TV capturer".

  Identifying:
  1) 878 cards can be identified by PCI Subsystem-ID:
      144f:3000 = CPH06x
      144F:3002 = CPH05x w/ FM
      144F:3005 = CPH06x_LC (w/o remote control)
  1) The cards have a sticker with "CPH"-model on the back.
  2)
 These cards have a number printed on the PCB just above the tuner metal box:
      "80-CP2000300-x" = CPH03X
      "80-CP2000500-x" = CPH05X
      "80-CP2000600-x" = CPH06X / CPH06x_LC

  Askey sells these cards as "Magic TView series", Brand "MagicXpress".
  Other OEM often call these "Tview", "TView99" or else.

Lifeview Flyvideo Series:
-------------------------
  The naming of these series differs in time and space.

  Identifying:
  1) Some models can be identified by PCI subsystem ID:
      1852:1852 = Flyvideo 98 FM
      1851:1850 = Flyvideo 98
      1851:1851 = Flyvideo 98 EZ (capture only)
  2) There is a print on the PCB:
      LR25       = Flyvideo (Zoran ZR36120, SAA7110A)
      LR26 Rev.N = Flyvideo II (Bt848)
           Rev.O = Flyvideo II (Bt878)
      LR37 Rev.C = Flyvideo EZ (Capture only, ZR36120 + SAA7110)
      LR38 Rev.A1= Flyvideo II EZ (Bt848 capture only)
      LR50 Rev.Q = Flyvideo 98 (w/eeprom and PCI subsystem ID)
           Rev.W = Flyvideo 98 (no eeprom)
      LR51 Rev.E = Flyvideo 98 EZ (capture only)
      LR90       = Flyvideo 2000 (Bt878)
   Flyvideo 2000S (Bt878) w/Stereo TV (Package incl. LR91 daughterboard)
      LR91       = Stereo daughter card for LR90
      LR97       = Flyvideo DVBS
      LR99 Rev.E = Low profile card for OEM integration 
(only internal audio!) bt878
      LR136  = Flyvideo 2100/3100 (Low profile, SAA7130/SAA7134)
      LR137      = Flyvideo DV2000/DV3000 (SAA7130/SAA7134 + IEEE1394)
      LR138 Rev.C= Flyvideo 2000 (SAA7130)
        or Flyvideo 3000 (SAA7134) w/Stereo TV
   These exist in variations w/FM and w/Remote sometimes denoted
   by suffixes "FM" and "R".

      Lifeview.com.tw states (Feb. 2002):
      "The FlyVideo2000 and FlyVideo2000s product name have renamed to FlyVideo98."
      Their Bt8x8 cards are listed as discontinued.
      Flyvideo 2000S was probably sold as Flyvideo 3000 in some countries
(Europe?).
      The new Flyvideo 2000/3000 are SAA7130/SAA7134 based. 

  "Flyvideo II" had been the name for the 848 cards, nowadays (in Germany)
  this name is re-used for LR50 Rev.W.
  The Lifeview website mentioned Flyvideo III at some time, but such a card
  has not yet been seen (perhaps it was the German name for LR90 [stereo]).
  These cards are sold by many OEMs too.

  FlyVideo A2 (Elta 8680)= LR90 Rev.F (w/Remote, w/
o FM, stereo TV by tda9821) {Germany}
  Lifeview 3000 (Elta 8681) as sold by Plus(April 2002), Germany = LR138 w/
 saa7134


Typhoon TV card series:
-----------------------
  These can be CPH, Flyvideo, Pixelview or KNC1 series.
  Typhoon is the brand of Anubis.
  Model 50680 got re-used, some model no. had different contents over time.

  Models:
  50680 "TV Tuner PCI Pal BG"(old,red package)=can be CPH03x(bt848) or CPH06x
(bt878)
  50680 "TV Tuner Pal BG" (blue package)= Pixelview PV-BT878P+ (Rev 9B)
  50681 "TV Tuner PCI Pal I" (variant of 50680)
  50682 "TView TV/FM Tuner Pal BG"       = Flyvideo 98FM (LR50 Rev.Q)
         Note: The package has a picture of CPH05x 
(which would be a real TView)
  50683 "TV Tuner PCI SECAM" (variant of 50680)
  50684 "TV Tuner Pal BG"                = Pixelview 878TV(Rev.3D)
  50686 "TV Tuner"                       = KNC1 TV Station
  50687 "TV Tuner stereo"                = KNC1 TV Station pro
  50688 "TV Tuner RDS" (black package)   = KNC1 TV Station RDS
  50689  TV SAT DVB-S CARD CI PCI (SAA7146AH, SU1278?) =
 "KNC1 TV Station DVB-S"
  50692 "TV/FM Tuner" (small PCB)
  50694  TV TUNER CARD RDS (PHILIPS CHIPSET SAA7134HL)
  50696  TV TUNER STEREO (PHILIPS CHIPSET SAA7134HL, MK3ME Tuner)
  50804  PC-SAT TV/Audio Karte = Techni-PC-Sat (ZORAN 36120PQC, Tuner:Alps)
  50866  TVIEW SAT RECEIVER+ADR
  50868 "TV/FM Tuner Pal I" (variant of 50682)
  50999 "TV/FM Tuner Secam" (variant of 50682)


Guillemot
---------
  Maxi-TV PCI (ZR36120)
  Maxi TV Video 2 = LR50 Rev.Q (FI1216MF, PAL BG+SECAM)
  Maxi TV Video 3 = CPH064 (PAL BG + SECAM)

Mentor
------
  Mentor TV card ("55-878TV-U1") = Pixelview 878TV(Rev.3F) (w/FM w/Remote)

Prolink
-------
   TV cards:
   PixelView Play TV pro - (Model: PV-BT878P+ REV 8E)
   PixelView Play TV pro - (Model: PV-BT878P+ REV 9D)
   PixelView Play TV pro - (Model: PV-BT878P+ REV 4C / 8D / 10A )
   PixelView Play TV - (Model: PV-BT848P+)
   878TV - (Model: PV-BT878TV)

   Multimedia TV packages (card + software pack):
   PixelView Play TV Theater - (Model: PV-M4200) =
  PixelView Play TV pro + Software
   PixelView Play TV PAK -     (Model: PV-BT878P+ REV 4E)
   PixelView Play TV/VCR -     (Model: PV-M3200 REV 4C / 8D / 10A ) 
   PixelView Studio PAK -      (Model:    M2200 REV 4C / 8D / 10A )
   PixelView PowerStudio PAK - (Model: PV-M3600 REV 4E)
   PixelView DigitalVCR PAK -  (Model: PV-M2400 REV 4C / 8D / 10A )

   PixelView PlayTV PAK II (TV/FM card + usb camera)  PV-M3800 
   PixelView PlayTV XP PV-M4700,PV-M4700(w/FM)
   PixelView PlayTV DVR PV-M4600  package contents:
PixelView PlayTV pro, windvr & videoMail s/w

   Further Cards:
   PV-BT878P+rev.9B (Play TV Pro, opt. w/FM w/NICAM)
   PV-BT878P+rev.2F
   PV-BT878P Rev.1D (bt878, capture only)

   XCapture PV-CX881P (cx23881)
   PlayTV HD PV-CX881PL+, PV-CX881PL+(w/FM) (cx23881)

   DTV3000 PV-DTV3000P+ DVB-S CI = Twinhan VP-1030
   DTV2000 DVB-S = Twinhan VP-1020
   
   Video Conferencing:
   PixelView Meeting PAK - (Model: PV-BT878P)
   PixelView Meeting PAK Lite - (Model: PV-BT878P)
   PixelView Meeting PAK plus - (Model: PV-BT878P+rev 4C/8D/10A)
   PixelView Capture - (Model: PV-BT848P)

   PixelView PlayTV USB pro
   Model No. PV-NT1004+, PV-NT1004+ (w/FM) =
 NT1004 USB decoder chip + SAA7113 video decoder chip

Dynalink
--------
   These are CPH series.

Phoebemicro
-----------
   TV Master    = CPH030 or CPH060
   TV Master FM = CPH050

Genius/Kye
----------
   Video Wonder/Genius Internet Video Kit = LR37 Rev.C
   Video Wonder Pro II (848 or 878) = LR26

Tekram
------
   VideoCap C205 (Bt848)
   VideoCap C210 (zr36120 +Philips)
   CaptureTV M200 (ISA)
   CaptureTV M205 (Bt848)

Lucky Star
----------
   Image World Conference TV = LR50 Rev. Q

Leadtek
-------
   WinView 601 (Bt848)
   WinView 610 (Zoran)
   WinFast2000
   WinFast2000 XP

KNC One
-------
   TV-Station
   TV-Station SE (+Software Bundle)
   TV-Station pro (+TV stereo)
   TV-Station FM (+Radio)
   TV-Station RDS (+RDS)
   TV Station SAT (analog satellite)
   TV-Station DVB-S

   newer Cards have saa7134, but model name stayed the same?

Provideo 
--------
  PV951 or PV-951 (also are sold as:
   Boeder TV-FM Video Capture Card
   Titanmedia Supervision TV-2400
   Provideo PV951 TF
   3DeMon PV951
   MediaForte TV-Vision PV951
   Yoko PV951
   Vivanco Tuner Card PCI Art.-Nr.: 68404
  ) now named PV-951T

  Surveillance Series
  PV-141
  PV-143
  PV-147
  PV-148 (capture only)
  PV-150
  PV-151

  TV-FM Tuner Series
  PV-951TDV (tv tuner + 1394)
  PV-951T/TF
  PV-951PT/TF
  PV-956T/TF Low Profile
  PV-911

Highscreen
----------
   TV Karte = LR50 Rev.S
   TV-Boostar = Terratec Terra TV+ Version 1.0 (Bt848, tda9821) "ceb105.pcb"

Zoltrix
-------
   Face to Face Capture (Bt848 capture only) (PCB "VP-2848")
   Face To Face TV MAX (Bt848) (PCB "VP-8482 Rev1.3")
   Genie TV (Bt878) (PCB "VP-8790 Rev 2.1")
   Genie Wonder Pro

AVerMedia
---------
   AVer FunTV Lite (ISA, AV3001 chipset)  "M101.C"
   AVerTV
   AVerTV Stereo
   AVerTV Studio (w/FM)
   AVerMedia TV98 with Remote 
   AVerMedia TV/FM98 Stereo
   AVerMedia TVCAM98
   TVCapture (Bt848)
   TVPhone (Bt848)
   TVCapture98 (="AVerMedia TV98" in USA) (Bt878)
   TVPhone98 (Bt878, w/FM)

   PCB      PCI-ID      Model-Name      Eeprom  Tuner  Sound    Country
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   M101.C   ISA !
   M108-B      Bt848                     --     FR1236  US   (2),(3)
   M1A8-A      Bt848    AVer TV-Phone           FM1216  --
   M168-T   1461:0003   AVerTV Studio   48:17   FM1216 TDA9840T  D    (1) w/
FM w/Remote
   M168-U   1461:0004   TVCapture98     40:11   FI1216   --      D    w/
Remote
   M168II-B 1461:0003   Medion MD9592   48:16   FM1216 TDA9873H  D    w/FM

   (1) Daughterboard MB68-A with TDA9820T and TDA9840T
   (2) Sony NE41S soldered (stereo sound?)
   (3) Daughterboard M118-A w/ pic 16c54 and 4 MHz quartz
 
   US site has different drivers for (as of 09/2002):
   EZ Capture/InterCam PCI (BT-848 chip)
   EZ Capture/InterCam PCI (BT-878 chip)
   TV-Phone (BT-848 chip)
   TV98 (BT-848 chip)
   TV98 With Remote (BT-848 chip)
   TV98 (BT-878 chip)
   TV98 With Remote (BT-878)
   TV/FM98 (BT-878 chip)
   AVerTV
   AverTV Stereo
   AVerTV Studio

   DE hat diverse Treiber fuer diese Modelle (Stand 09/2002):
   TVPhone (848) mit Philips tuner FR12X6 (w/ FM radio)
   TVPhone (848) mit Philips tuner FM12X6 (w/ FM radio)
   TVCapture (848) w/Philips tuner FI12X6
   TVCapture (848) non-Philips tuner
   TVCapture98 (Bt878)
   TVPhone98 (Bt878)
   AVerTV und TVCapture98 w/VCR (Bt 878)
   AVerTVStudio und TVPhone98 w/VCR (Bt878)
   AVerTV GO Serie (Kein SVideo Input)
   AVerTV98 (BT-878 chip)
   AVerTV98 mit Fernbedienung (BT-878 chip)
   AVerTV/FM98 (BT-878 chip)

   VDOmate (www.averm.com.cn) = M168U ?

Aimslab
-------
   Video Highway or "Video Highway TR200" (ISA)
   Video Highway Xtreme (aka "VHX") (Bt848, FM w/ TEA5757)

IXMicro (former: IMS=Integrated Micro Solutions)
-------
   IXTV BT848 (=TurboTV)
   IXTV BT878
   IMS TurboTV (Bt848)

Lifetec/Medion/Tevion/Aldi
--------------------------
   LT9306/MD9306 = CPH061
   LT9415/MD9415 = LR90 Rev.F or Rev.G
          MD9592 = Avermedia TVphone98 (PCI_ID=1461:0003), PCB-Rev=M168II-B 
(w/TDA9873H)
          MD9717 = KNC One (Rev D4, saa7134, FM1216 MK2 tuner)
          MD5044 = KNC One (Rev D4, saa7134, FM1216ME MK3 tuner)

Modular Technologies (www.modulartech.com) UK
---------------------------------------------
   MM100 PCTV (Bt848)
   MM201 PCTV (Bt878, Bt832) w/ Quartzsight camera
   MM202 PCTV (Bt878, Bt832, tda9874)
   MM205 PCTV (Bt878)
   MM210 PCTV (Bt878) (Galaxy TV, Galaxymedia ?)

Terratec
--------
   Terra TV+ Version 1.0 (Bt848), "ceb105.PCB" printed on the PCB, TDA9821
   Terra TV+ Version 1.1 (Bt878), "LR74 Rev.E" printed on the PCB, TDA9821
   Terra TValueRadio,             "LR102 Rev.C" printed on the PCB
   Terra TV/Radio+ Version 1.0,   "80-CP2830100-0" TTTV3 printed on the PCB,
     "CPH010-E83" on the back, SAA6588T, TDA9873H
   Terra TValue Version BT878,    "80-CP2830110-0 TTTV4" printed on the PCB, 
     "CPH011-D83" on back
   Terra TValue Version 1.0       "ceb105.PCB" 
(really identical to Terra TV+ Version 1.0)
   Terra TValue New Revision   "LR102 Rec.C"
   Terra Active Radio Upgrade (tea5757h, saa6588t)

   LR74 is a newer PCB revision of ceb105 
(both incl. connector for Active Radio Upgrade)

   Cinergy 400 (saa7134), "E877 11(S)", "PM820092D" printed on PCB
   Cinergy 600 (saa7134)

Technisat
---------
   Discos ADR PC-Karte ISA (no TV!)
   Discos ADR PC-Karte PCI (probably no TV?)
   Techni-PC-Sat (Sat. analog)
         Rev 1.2 (zr36120, vpx3220, stv0030, saa5246, BSJE3-494A)
   Mediafocus I (zr36120/zr36125, drp3510, Sat. analog + ADR Radio)
   Mediafocus II (saa7146, Sat. analog)
         SatADR Rev 2.1 
(saa7146a, saa7113h, stv0056a, msp3400c, drp3510a, BSKE3-307A)
   SkyStar 1 DVB  (AV7110) = Technotrend Premium
   SkyStar 2 DVB  (B2C2) (=Sky2PC)

Siemens
-------
   Multimedia eXtension Board (MXB) (SAA7146, SAA7111)

Stradis
-------
   SDM275,SDM250,SDM026,SDM025 (SAA7146, IBMMPEG2): MPEG2 decoder only

Powercolor
----------
   MTV878
       Package comes with different contents:
       a) pcb "MTV878" (CARD=75)
       b) Pixelview Rev. 4_
   MTV878R w/Remote Control
   MTV878F w/Remote Control w/FM radio

Pinnacle
--------
   Mirovideo PCTV (Bt848)
   Mirovideo PCTV SE (Bt848)
   Mirovideo PCTV Pro (Bt848 + Daughterboard for TV Stereo and FM)
   Studio PCTV Rave (Bt848 Version = Mirovideo PCTV)
   Studio PCTV Rave (Bt878 package w/o infrared)
   Studio PCTV      (Bt878)
   Studio PCTV Pro  (Bt878 stereo w/ FM)
   Pinnacle PCTV    (Bt878, MT2032)
   Pinnacle PCTV Pro (Bt878, MT2032)
   Pinncale PCTV Sat (bt878a, HM1821/1221) 
["Conexant CX24110 with CX24108 tuner, aka HM1221/HM1811"]
   Pinnacle PCTV Sat XE

   M(J)PEG capture and playback:
   DC1+ (ISA)
   DC10  (zr36057,     zr36060,      saa7110, adv7176)
   DC10+ (zr36067,     zr36060,      saa7110, adv7176)
   DC20  (ql16x24b,zr36050, zr36016, saa7110, saa7187 ...)
   DC30  
(zr36057, zr36050, zr36016, vpx3220, adv7176, ad1843, tea6415, miro FST97A1)
   DC30+ (zr36067, zr36050, zr36016, vpx3220, adv7176)
   DC50  (zr36067, zr36050, zr36016, saa7112, adv7176 
(2 pcs.?), ad1843, miro FST97A1, Lattice ???)

Lenco
-----
   MXR-9565 (=Technisat Mediafocus?)
   MXR-9571 (Bt848) (=CPH031?)
   MXR-9575
   MXR-9577 (Bt878) (=Prolink 878TV Rev.3x)
   MXTV-9578CP (Bt878) (= Prolink PV-BT878P+4E)

Iomega
------
   Buz (zr36067, zr36060, saa7111, saa7185)

LML
---
   LML33 (zr36067, zr36060, bt819, bt856)

Grandtec
--------
   Grand Video Capture (Bt848)
   Multi Capture Card  (Bt878)

Koutech
-------
   KW-606 (Bt848)
   KW-607 (Bt848 capture only)
   KW-606RSF
   KW-607A (capture only)
   KW-608 (Zoran capture only)
 
IODATA (jp)
------
   GV-BCTV/PCI
   GV-BCTV2/PCI
   GV-BCTV3/PCI
   GV-BCTV4/PCI
   GV-VCP/PCI (capture only)
   GV-VCP2/PCI (capture only)

Canopus (jp)
-------
   WinDVR = Kworld "KW-TVL878RF"

www.sigmacom.co.kr 
------------------
   Sigma Cyber TV II 

www.sasem.co.kr
---------------
   Litte OnAir TV

hama 
----
   TV/Radio-Tuner Card, PCI (Model 44677) = CPH051

Sigma Designs
-------------
   Hollywood plus (em8300, em9010, adv7175), (PCB "M340-10") MPEG DVD decoder

Formac
------
   iProTV (Card for iMac Mezzanine slot, Bt848+SCSI)
   ProTV (Bt848)
   ProTV II = ProTV Stereo (Bt878) 
["stereo" means FM stereo, tv is still mono]

ATI
---
   TV-Wonder
   TV-Wonder VE

Diamond Multimedia
------------------
   DTV2000 (Bt848, tda9875)

Aopen
-----
   VA1000 Plus (w/ Stereo)
   VA1000 Lite
   VA1000 (=LR90)

Intel
-----
   Smart Video Recorder (ISA full-length)
   Smart Video Recorder pro (ISA half-length)
   Smart Video Recorder III (Bt848)

STB
---
   STB Gateway 6000704 (bt878)
   STB Gateway 6000699 (bt848)
   STB Gateway 6000402 (bt848)
   STB TV130 PCI

Videologic
----------
   Captivator Pro/TV (ISA?)
   Captivator PCI/VC (Bt848 bundled with camera) (capture only)

Technotrend
------------
   TT-SAT PCI (PCB "Sat-PCI Rev.:1.3.1"; zr36125, vpx3225d, stc0056a, Tuner:
BSKE6-155A
   TT-DVB-Sat
    revisions 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6 and 2.1
    This card is sold as OEM from:
Siemens DVB-s Card
Hauppauge WinTV DVB-S
Technisat SkyStar 1 DVB
Galaxis DVB Sat
    Now this card is called TT-PCline Premium Family
   TT-Budget (saa7146, bsru6-701a)
    This card is sold as OEM from:
Hauppauge WinTV Nova
Satelco Standard PCI (DVB-S)
   TT-DVB-C PCI

Teles
-----
   DVB-s (Rev. 2.2, BSRV2-301A, data only?)

Remote Vision
-------------
   MX RV605 (Bt848 capture only)

Boeder
------
   PC ChatCam (Model 68252) (Bt848 capture only)
   Tv/Fm Capture Card  (Model 68404) = PV951

Media-Surfer  (esc-kathrein.de)
-------------------------------
   Sat-Surfer (ISA)
   Sat-Surfer PCI = Techni-PC-Sat
   Cable-Surfer 1
   Cable-Surfer 2
   Cable-Surfer PCI (zr36120)
   Audio-Surfer (ISA Radio card)

Jetway (www.jetway.com.tw)
--------------------------
   JW-TV 878M 
   JW-TV 878  = KWorld KW-TV878RF

Galaxis
-------
   Galaxis DVB Card S CI
   Galaxis DVB Card C CI
   Galaxis DVB Card S
   Galaxis DVB Card C
   Galaxis plug.in S [neuer Name: Galaxis DVB Card S CI

Hauppauge
---------
   many many WinTV models ...
   WinTV DVBs = Technotrend Premium 1.3
   WinTV NOVA = Technotrend Budget 1.1 "S-DVB DATA"
   WinTV NOVA-CI "SDVBACI"
   WinTV Nova USB (=Technotrend USB 1.0)
   WinTV-Nexus-s (=Technotrend Premium 2.1 or 2.2)
   WinTV PVR
   WinTV PVR 250
   WinTV PVR 450

  US models
  990 WinTV-PVR-350 (249USD) (iTVC15 chipset + radio)
  980 WinTV-PVR-250 (149USD) (iTVC15 chipset)
  880 WinTV-PVR-PCI (199USD) (KFIR chipset + bt878)
  881 WinTV-PVR-USB
  190 WinTV-GO
  191 WinTV-GO-FM
  404 WinTV
  401 WinTV-radio
  495 WinTV-Theater
  602 WinTV-USB
  621 WinTV-USB-FM
  600 USB-Live
  698 WinTV-HD
  697 WinTV-D
  564 WinTV-Nexus-S

  Deutsche Modelle
  603 WinTV GO
  719 WinTV Primio-FM
  718 WinTV PCI-FM
  497 WinTV Theater
  569 WinTV USB
  568 WinTV USB-FM
  882 WinTV PVR
  981 WinTV PVR 250
  891 WinTV-PVR-USB
  541 WinTV Nova
  488 WinTV Nova-Ci
  564 WinTV-Nexus-s
  727 WinTV-DVB-c
  545 Common Interface
  898 WinTV-Nova-USB

  UK models
  607 WinTV Go
  693,793 WinTV Primio FM
  647,747 WinTV PCI FM
  498 WinTV Theater
  883 WinTV PVR
  893 WinTV PVR USB  (Duplicate entry)
  566 WinTV USB (UK)
  573 WinTV USB FM
  429 Impact VCB (bt848)
  600 USB Live (Video-In 1x Comp, 1xSVHS)
  542 WinTV Nova
  717 WinTV DVB-S
  909 Nova-t PCI
  893 Nova-t USB   (Duplicate entry)
  802 MyTV
  804 MyView
  809 MyVideo
  872 MyTV2Go FM

 
  546 WinTV Nova-S CI
  543 WinTV Nova
  907 Nova-S USB
  908 Nova-T USB
  717 WinTV Nexus-S
  157 DEC3000-s Standalone + USB

  Spain
  685 WinTV-Go
  690 WinTV-PrimioFM
  416 WinTV-PCI Nicam Estereo
  677 WinTV-PCI-FM
  699 WinTV-Theater
  683 WinTV-USB
  678 WinTV-USB-FM
  983 WinTV-PVR-250
  883 WinTV-PVR-PCI
  993 WinTV-PVR-350
  893 WinTV-PVR-USB
  728 WinTV-DVB-C PCI
  832 MyTV2Go
  869 MyTV2Go-FM
  805 MyVideo (USB)
  

Matrix-Vision
-------------
   MATRIX-Vision MV-Delta
   MATRIX-Vision MV-Delta 2
   MVsigma-SLC (Bt848)

Conceptronic (.net)
------------
   TVCON FM,  TV card w/ FM = CPH05x
   TVCON = CPH06x

BestData
--------
   HCC100 = VCC100rev1 + camera
   VCC100 rev1 (bt848)
   VCC100 rev2 (bt878)

Gallant  (www.gallantcom.com) www.minton.com.tw
-----------------------------------------------
   Intervision IV-510 (capture only bt8x8)
   Intervision IV-550 (bt8x8)
   Intervision IV-100 (zoran)
   Intervision IV-1000 (bt8x8)
   
Asonic (www.asonic.com.cn) (website down)
-----------------------------------------
   SkyEye tv 878

Hoontech
--------
   878TV/FM

Teppro (www.itcteppro.com.tw)
-----------------------------
   ITC PCITV (Card Ver 1.0) "Teppro TV1/TVFM1 Card"
   ITC PCITV (Card Ver 2.0)
   ITC PCITV (Card Ver 3.0) = "PV-BT878P+ (REV.9D)"
   ITC PCITV (Card Ver 4.0)
   TEPPRO IV-550 (For BT848 Main Chip)
   ITC DSTTV (bt878, satellite)
   ITC VideoMaker (saa7146, StreamMachine sm2110, tvtuner) "PV-SM2210P+ (REV:
1C)"

Kworld (www.kworld.com.tw)
--------------------------
  PC TV Station
   KWORLD KW-TV878R  TV (no radio)
   KWORLD KW-TV878RF TV (w/ radio)

   KWORLD KW-TVL878RF (low profile)

   KWORLD KW-TV713XRF (saa7134)


  MPEG TV Station (same cards as above plus WinDVR Software MPEG en/decoder)
   KWORLD KW-TV878R -Pro   TV (no Radio)
   KWORLD KW-TV878RF-Pro   TV (w/ Radio)
   KWORLD KW-TV878R -Ultra TV (no Radio)
   KWORLD KW-TV878RF-Ultra TV (w/ Radio)



JTT/ Justy Corp.http://www.justy.co.jp/ (www.jtt.com.jp website down)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
   JTT-02 (JTT TV) "TV watchmate pro" (bt848) 

ADS www.adstech.com
-------------------
   Channel Surfer TV ( CHX-950 ) 
   Channel Surfer TV+FM ( CHX-960FM )

AVEC www.prochips.com
---------------------
   AVEC Intercapture (bt848, tea6320)

NoBrand
-------
   TV Excel = Australian Name for "PV-BT878P+ 8E" or "878TV Rev.3_"

Mach www.machspeed.com
----
   Mach TV 878

Eline www.eline-net.com/
-----
   Eline Vision TVMaster / TVMaster FM (ELV-TVM/ ELV-TVM-FM) = LR26  (bt878)
   Eline Vision TVMaster-2000 (ELV-TVM-2000, ELV-TVM-2000-FM)= LR138 
(saa713x)

Spirit http://www.spiritmodems.com.au/
------
   Spirit TV Tuner/Video Capture Card (bt848)

Boser www.boser.com.tw
-----
   HS-878 Mini PCI Capture Add-on Card
   HS-879 Mini PCI 3D Audio and Capture Add-on Card (w/ ES1938 Solo-1)

Satelco www.citycom-gmbh.de, www.satelco.de
-------
   TV-FM =KNC1 saa7134
   Standard PCI (DVB-S) = Technotrend Budget
   Standard PCI (DVB-S) w/ CI
   Satelco Highend PCI (DVB-S) = Technotrend Premium


Sensoray www.sensoray.com
--------
   Sensoray 311 (PC/104 bus)
   Sensoray 611 (PCI)

CEI (Chartered Electronics Industries Pte Ltd [CEI] [FCC ID HBY])
---
  TV Tuner  -  HBY-33A-RAFFLES  Brooktree Bt848KPF + Philips
  TV Tuner MG9910  -  HBY33A-TVO  CEI + Philips SAA7110 + OKI M548262 + ST STV8438CV
  Primetime TV (ISA)
   acquired by Singapore Technologies
   now operating as Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing
   Manufacturer of video cards is listed as:
   Cogent Electronics Industries [CEI]

AITech
------
   Wavewatcher TV (ISA)
   AITech WaveWatcher TV-PCI = can be LR26 (Bt848) or LR50 (BT878)
   WaveWatcher TVR-202 TV/FM Radio Card (ISA)

MAXRON
------
   Maxron MaxTV/FM Radio (KW-TV878-FNT) = Kworld or JW-TV878-FBK

www.ids-imaging.de
------------------
   Falcon Series (capture only)
 In USA: http://www.theimagingsource.com/
   DFG/LC1

www.sknet-web.co.jp
-------------------
   SKnet Monster TV (saa7134)

A-Max www.amaxhk.com (Colormax, Amax, Napa)
-------------------
   APAC Viewcomp 878

Cybertainment
-------------
   CyberMail AV Video Email Kit w/ PCI Capture Card (capture only)
   CyberMail Xtreme
  These are Flyvideo

VCR (http://www.vcrinc.com/) 
---
  Video Catcher 16

Twinhan
-------
   DST Card/DST-IP (bt878, twinhan asic) VP-1020
    Sold as:
     KWorld DVBS Satellite TV-Card
     Powercolor DSTV Satellite Tuner Card
     Prolink Pixelview DTV2000
     Provideo PV-911 Digital Satellite TV Tuner Card With Common Interface ?
   DST-CI Card (DVB Satellite) VP-1030
   DCT Card (DVB cable)

MSI
---
    MSI TV@nywhere Tuner Card (MS-8876) (CX23881/883) Not Bt878 compatible.
    MS-8401 DVB-S

Focus www.focusinfo.com
-----
    InVideo PCI (bt878)

Sdisilk www.sdisilk.com/
-------
    SDI Silk 100
    SDI Silk 200 SDI Input Card

www.euresys.com
    PICOLO series 

PMC/Pace
www.pacecom.co.uk website closed

Mercury www.kobian.com (UK and FR)
    LR50
    LR138RBG-Rx  == LR138

TEC sound (package and manuals don't have any other manufacturer info)
 TecSound
    Though educated Googling found: www.techmakers.com
    TV-Mate = Zoltrix VP-8482

Lorenzen www.lorenzen.de
--------
     SL DVB-S PCI = Technotrend Budget PCI (su1278 or bsru version)

Origo (.uk) www.origo2000.com
     PC TV Card = LR50

I/O Magic www.iomagic.com
---------
    PC PVR - Desktop TV Personal Video Recorder DR-PCTV100 =
 Pinnacle ROB2D-51009464 4.0 + Cyberlink PowerVCR II

Arowana
-------
    TV-Karte / Poso Power TV (?) = Zoltrix VP-8482 (?)

iTVC15 boards:
-------------
kuroutoshikou.com ITVC15
yuan.com MPG160 PCI TV (Internal PCI MPEG2 encoder card plus TV-tuner)

Asus www.asuscom.com
   Asus TV Tuner Card 880 NTSC (low profile, cx23880)
   Asus TV (saa7134)

Hoontech
--------
http://www.hoontech.com/korean/download/down_driver_list03.html
   HART Vision 848 (H-ART Vision 848)
   HART Vision 878 (H-Art Vision 878)
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Recording Video and Sound with Bttv

In addition to the applications referenced in Section 5, recording can be
managed from the command line. The issues discussed here with regard to sound
capture deal only with the default kernel-2.6 and higher sound system: the
[http://www.alsa-project.org/] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.

The easy part is grabbing the video, for which we will use streamer,
available with the [http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/] Xawtv suite. Sound is
another matter, however. You will need to access your mixer settings using 
amixer, the ALSA command-line mixer that should be available in the
ALSA-tools package available from your Linux distributor. See man amixer to
follow the command line options.

Your recording can be managed either using your primary soundcard if you have
your Bt8x8 audio output connected to a mixer conduit that allows for capture
(e.g. the 4-pin analog CDROM input slot), or the Bt8x8 card itself using the 
btaudio module. The following steps utilize the latter. First, identify the
individual cards on your system (requires /proc filesystem):
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ cat /proc/asound/pcm                                                  |
|   00-00: Intel ICH : NVidia CK8S : playback 1 : capture 1                 |
|   00-01: Intel ICH - MIC ADC : NVidia CK8S - MIC ADC : capture 1          |
|   00-02: Intel ICH - IEC958 : NVidia CK8S - IEC958 : playback 1           |
|   01-00: Bt87x Digital : Bt87x Digital : capture 1                        |
|   01-01: Bt87x Analog : Bt87x Analog : capture 1                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The first column indicates the system numbering of your available sound
devices, i.e., card 0 is the soundcard and card 01, or 1, is the Bt8x8.

Next, identify the mixer controls for the Bt8x8 card.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ amixer -c 1 controls                                                  |
|   numid=3,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Source'                               |
|   numid=2,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Boost'                                |
|   numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Volume'                               |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Then identify the item settings of each:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ amixer -c 1 cget name='Capture Source'                                |
|   numid=3,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Source'                               |
|   ; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw---,values=1,items=3                         |
|   ; Item #0 'TV Tuner'                                                    |
|   ; Item #1 'FM'                                                          |
|   ; Item #2 'Mic/Line'                                                    |
|   : values=1                                                              |
|                                                                           |
|   $ amixer -c 1 cget name='Capture Boost'                                 |
|   numid=2,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Boost'                                |
|   ; type=BOOLEAN,access=rw---,values=1                                    |
|   values=on                                                               |
|                                                                           |
|   $ amixer -c 1 cget name='Capture Volume'                                |
|   numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Capture Volume'                               |
|   ; type=INTEGER,access=rw---,values=1,min=0,max=15,step=0                |
|   : values=0                                                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Use cset for the capture source:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ amixer -c 1 cset name='Capture Source' 0                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...and to set the volume:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ amixer -c 1 cset name="Capture Volume' 15                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...and you should be ready.

Now try to record something:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ streamer -p 4 -t 1:00 -r 24 -q -o test.avi -j 90 -f mjpeg -F mono16   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...and you should be recording a sound-enabled avi file. Press [Ctrl]-C to
cancel early. Next step is to automate the recording for your very own
home-brewed Tivo??!

I offer the following script as an example program for automating recording;
you can copy and paste it into a file and make it executable (chmod u+x
record-tv.sh).

Warning This script (and any recording from your Bttv device for that matter)
        generates extremely large files, on the order of several GB per hour,
        so be sure you have lots of free disk space available.               

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #!/bin/bash                                                                                               |
| # ================= record-tv.sh  ============================                                            |
| # = copyright 2003 by Greg Watson  gwatsonATlinuxlogin.com   =                                            |
| # = GPL2 License, minor modifications by Howard Shane        =                                            |
| # = hshaneATaustin.rr.com , under same license               =                                            |
| # = usage record-tv.sh prefix-filename record-time channel   =                                            |
| # = Example:  ./record-tv.sh enterprise 61:00 20             =                                            |
| # ============================================================                                            |
| # Version 0.9                                                                                             |
| # Last Mod: Wed Feb 20 11:27 CST 2005                                                                     |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Output directory                                                                                        |
| OUTPUT=$HOME/vcr                                                                                          |
| # Streamer location                                                                                       |
| STREAMER=/usr/bin/streamer                                                                                |
| # Alsa Mixer                                                                                              |
| AMIXER=/usr/bin/amixer                                                                                    |
| # v4lctl path                                                                                             |
| V4LCTL=/usr/bin/v4lctl                                                                                    |
| # Capture Volume to ensure sound is recorded (80%)                                                        |
| CAPTURE_VOLUME=100                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Tvtime settings file for color/brightness/contrast values                                               |
| TVTIME=$HOME/.tvtime/tvtime.xml                                                                           |
|                                                                                                           |
| # End of Config                                                                                           |
| ###############                                                                                           |
|                                                                                                           |
| # check if I'm running TV, if so just exit                                                                |
| if [ `ps -C tvtime | grep -c tvtime` -gt 0 ]; then                                                        |
|         echo "TVtime is running, aborting recording."                                                     |
|         exit                                                                                              |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| # If the filename prefix wasn't given, set it to 'recording'                                              |
| if [ -z $1 ]; then                                                                                        |
|         PREFIX="recording"                                                                                |
| else                                                                                                      |
|         PREFIX=$1                                                                                         |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| # if time is blank, record for 30 minutes                                                                 |
| if [ -z $2 ]; then                                                                                        |
|         TIME="30:00"                                                                                      |
| else                                                                                                      |
|         TIME=$2                                                                                           |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| if [ ! -z $3 ]; then                                                                                      |
|         $V4LCTL setchannel $3                                                                             |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Check for vcr dir                                                                                       |
| if [ ! -x $OUTPUT ]; then                                                                                 |
|         mkdir $OUTPUT                                                                                     |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| DATE=`date +%m-%d-%Y-%H:%M`                                                                               |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Set the AC97 volume to 0 (so we don't hear the sounds)                                                  |
| # Get mixer values first                                                                                  |
| PLAY_VOL=`$AMIXER -c 0 cget name='Master Playback Volume' | grep : | sed 's/^.*=\([^,]*\).*$/\1/'`        |
| CAP_VOL=`$AMIXER -c 0 cget name='PCM Playback Volume' | grep : | sed 's/^.*=\([^,]*\).*$/\1/'`            |
| #                                                                                                         |
| $AMIXER -c 0 -q cset name='CD Playback Volume' 100                                                        |
| $AMIXER -c 0 -q cset name='Capture Volume' 1                                                              |
|                                                                                                           |
| # if tvtime.xml is set, then grab settings out of it                                                      |
| if [ -f $TVTIME ]; then                                                                                   |
|         CONTRAST=`cat ${TVTIME} | grep DefaultContrast | sed 's/^.*value="\([^"]*\).*$/\1/'`              |
|         BRIGHTNESS=`cat ${TVTIME} | grep DefaultBrightness | sed 's/^.*value="\([^"]*\).*$/\1/'`          |
|         COLOR=`cat ${TVTIME} | grep DefaultColour | sed 's/^.*value="\([^"]*\).*$/\1/'`                   |
|         HUE=`cat ${TVTIME} | grep DefaultHue | sed 's/^.*value="\([^"]*\).*$/\1/'`                        |
|                                                                                                           |
|         $V4LCTL bright ${BRIGHTNESS}% color ${COLOR}% contrast ${CONTRAST}% hue ${HUE}%                   |
| fi                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                           |
| $STREAMER -p 4 -q -t ${TIME} -r 24 -q -o ${OUTPUT}/${PREFIX}-${DATE}-${TIME}.avi -j 90 -f mjpeg -F mono16 |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Sometimes streamer doesn't always re-mute audio, mute it again just to be sure                          |
| $V4LCTL volume mute on                                                                                    |
|                                                                                                           |
| # Restore volumes                                                                                         |
| $AMIXER -q cset name='Master Playback Volume' $PLAY_VOL                                                   |
| $AMIXER -q cset name='PCM Playback Volume' $CAP_VOL                                                       |
| #                                                                                                         |
| # EOF                                                                                                     |
|                                                                                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Enabling The FM Radio for Radio-Equipped Cards

FM radio tuners are easily enabled when inserting modules. Simply
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   $ modprobe bttv radio=1                                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...or add a similar option to your /etc/modules.conf and you should be set
the next time you restart or load the module. You will also need an
application to access the radio. I suggest the console based radio, available
with the [http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/] Xawtv suite, or [http://
www.stanford.edu/~blp/fmtools/] fmtools. For graphical programs, try [http://
mfcn.ilo.de/gnomeradio/] gnomeradio or [http://foobazco.org/projects/gradio/]
gradio or [http://www.xmms.org/] xmms with the [http://silicone.free.fr/
xmms-FMRadio/] FMRadio plug-in.

Also, you can't listen to radio at the same time as watching TV with your
Bttv card (unless you have more than one card, that is).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

F. Gnu Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place,
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not
allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft cense designed for free
software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
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computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.

B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
from this requirement.

C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
as the publisher.

D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the
other copyright notices.

F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled
"History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
access to a Transparent copy of the Document and likewise the network
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These
may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a
work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if
the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the
Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone
of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
considered part of the section titles.

M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
included in the Modified Version.

N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and
contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option
designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license
notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may
add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but
endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and
one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any
one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old
one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of
all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve
all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make
the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if
known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
"Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection and distribute it
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
into the extracted document and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from
the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's
users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included
in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the
aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if
the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise, they must appear on printed
covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in
the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions of
those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1)
will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
sublicense, or distribute the Document is void and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
just after the title page:

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/
or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being
LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover
Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives
to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.
