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        <PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22528466</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2013</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article
        PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1573-9368</ISSN><JournalIssue
        CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>21</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2012</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Transgenic
        research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Transgenic Res</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Expression
        of biologically active human interferon alpha 2 in Aloe vera.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>1349</StartPage><EndPage>1357</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1349-57</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID
        EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s11248-012-9616-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Methods
        necessary for the successful transformation and regeneration of Aloe vera
        were developed and used to express the human protein, interferon alpha 2 (IFN&#x3b1;2).
        IFN&#x3b1;2 is a secreted cytokine that plays a vital role in regulating the
        cellular response to viral infection. Transgenic plants were regenerated from
        callus cultures initiated from zygotic embryos. Expression of the IFNA2 transgene
        in transformed plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and IFN&#x3b1;2 protein was
        detected by immunoblot analysis. Human A549 cells treated with transgenic
        aloe extracts for 6 h induced expression of the interferon stimulated gene
        54, indicating activation of the IFN signaling pathway. The biological activity
        of the aloe produced IFN&#x3b1;2 was assessed using an antiviral assay with
        A549 cells treated with extracts from both the rind and pulp fractions of
        the shoot and subsequently infected with the lytic encephalomyocarditis virus.
        The highest level of activity attributable to recombinant IFN&#x3b1;2 was
        determined to be 625 IU/mg of total soluble protein (TSP) in the rind and
        2,108 IU/mg TSP in the pulp. Two daughter plants that vegetatively budded
        during the course of this study were also confirmed to express IFN&#x3b1;2.
        These results confirm that Aloe vera is capable of expressing a human protein
        with biological activity, and that a secreted protein targeting the apoplast
        can be detected in the pulp fraction of the plant.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList
        CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lowther</LastName><ForeName>William</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thegreencell,
        Inc., 505 Capitol Court NE, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20002, USA. williaml@thegreencell.com</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author
        ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lorick</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author
        ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lawrence</LastName><ForeName>Susan D</ForeName><Initials>SD</Initials></Author><Author
        ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yeow</LastName><ForeName>Wen-Shuz</ForeName><Initials>WS</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType
        UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research
        Support, U.S. Gov''t, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate
        DateType="Electronic"><Year>2012</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Transgenic
        Res</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9209120</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0962-8819</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance
        UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance
        UI="C554158">IFNA2 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance
        UI="D016898">Interferon-alpha</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance
        UI="D010936">Plant Extracts</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC
        3.2.1.31</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005966">Glucuronidase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D000504" MajorTopicYN="N">Aloe</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737"
        MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D004686" MajorTopicYN="N">Encephalomyocarditis virus</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D018745" MajorTopicYN="N">Genome, Plant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D005966" MajorTopicYN="N">Glucuronidase</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378"
        MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D015151" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoblotting</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D016898" MajorTopicYN="N">Interferon-alpha</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378"
        MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D010936" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Extracts</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D018515" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Leaves</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D030821" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants, Genetically Modified</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D012639" MajorTopicYN="N">Seeds</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737"
        MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName
        UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName
        UI="D019076" MajorTopicYN="N">Transgenes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502"
        MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate
        PubStatus="received"><Year>2011</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate
        PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2012</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate
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