A continuous linear map between normed spaces is a Fredholm operator if its kernel is finite dimensional, its range is closed, and its cokernel is finite dimensional.
Closedness of the range is a genuine hypothesis: over an incomplete space a finite-dimensional cokernel need not force it. It is bundled here following the standard convention (McDuff--Salamon, Appendix A.1).
The kernel of a Fredholm operator is finite dimensional.
The range of a Fredholm operator is closed.
The cokernel of a Fredholm operator is finite dimensional.
A continuous linear equivalence is a Fredholm operator.
The identity operator is Fredholm: its kernel is trivial and its range is everything.