# Source code for amplpower.core

    import logging
    from pathlib import Path

    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd
    from amplpy import AMPL
    from amplpy import add_to_path
    from matpowercaseframes import CaseFrames

    add_to_path(r"/opt/ampl/")

    def compute(args):
        return max(args, key=len)

    def array2dict(array):
        """Convert a 2D numpy array to a dictionary."""
        return {(i, j): array[i, j] for i in range(array.shape[0]) for j in range(array.shape[1])}

    class PowerSystem:

        def __init__(self, case_file: str):
            print(f"=======Initializing the power system with case file: {case_file}")
            self.case_file = case_file
            self.baseMVA = None
            self.buses = pd.DataFrame()
            self.generators = pd.DataFrame()
            self.branches = pd.DataFrame()
            self.gencost = pd.DataFrame()
            self.nbus = 0
            self.nlin = 0
            self.ngen = 0
            self.max_angle = np.pi / 2
            self.min_angle = -np.pi / 2

            # Initialize everything
            self._load_data()
            self._initialize_matrices()
            self.compute_admittance_matrices()
            self.initialize()
            self.summary()
            self.compute_initial_bigm_dc()
            self.compute_initial_bigm_ac()

        def _load_data(self):
            """Load MATPOWER case data into DataFrames and convert to per unit."""
            try:
                case = CaseFrames(self.case_file)
                # Load data for each component
                self.baseMVA = case.baseMVA
                self.buses = case.bus
                self.buses.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
                self.buses["BUS_I"] -= 1
                self.generators = case.gen
                self.generators.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
                self.generators["GEN_BUS"] -= 1
                self.branches = case.branch
                self.branches.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
                self.branches["F_BUS"] -= 1
                self.branches["T_BUS"] -= 1
                self.gencost = case.gencost
                self.gencost.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
                self.nbus = len(self.buses)  # Number of buses
                self.nlin = len(self.branches)  # Number of branches
                self.ngen = len(self.generators)  # Number of generators

                # Minimum and maximum voltage limits
                self.max_voltage = self.buses["VMAX"].max()
                self.min_voltage = self.buses["VMIN"].min()
                self.buses["AMAX"] = self.max_angle
                self.buses["AMIN"] = self.min_angle

                # Convert to per unit
                self.buses["PD"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.buses["QD"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.buses["GS"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.buses["BS"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["PG"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["QG"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["PMAX"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["PMIN"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["QMAX"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.generators["QMIN"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.branches["RATE_A"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.branches["RATE_B"] /= self.baseMVA
                self.branches["RATE_C"] /= self.baseMVA

                # Set default branch limit
                self.default_branch_limit = np.sqrt(self.buses["PD"].sum() ** 2 + self.buses["QD"].sum() ** 2)
                for line_index in range(self.nlin):
                    if self.branches.loc[line_index, "RATE_A"] == 0:
                        self.branches.loc[line_index, "RATE_A"] = self.default_branch_limit

            except Exception as e:
                logging.error(f"Error loading data from {self.case_file}: {e}")
                raise

        def _initialize_matrices(self):
            """Initialize matrices for admittance calculations."""
            self.yff = np.zeros(self.nlin, dtype=complex)
            self.ytf = np.zeros(self.nlin, dtype=complex)
            self.yft = np.zeros(self.nlin, dtype=complex)
            self.ytt = np.zeros(self.nlin, dtype=complex)
            self.cf = np.zeros((self.nlin, self.nbus))  # Connection for F_BUS
            self.ct = np.zeros((self.nlin, self.nbus))  # Connection for T_BUS
            self.cg = np.zeros((self.ngen, self.nbus))  # Connection for generators

            # Update generator connection matrix
            for g in range(self.ngen):
                bus = int(self.generators.iloc[g]["GEN_BUS"])  # Ensure index is an integer
                self.cg[g, bus] = 1

        def compute_admittance_matrices(self):
            """Calculate the admittance matrices (yff, ytf, yft, ytt) for the network."""
            for line_index in range(self.nlin):
                branch = self.branches.iloc[line_index]  # Access branch data
                r = branch["BR_R"]
                x = branch["BR_X"]
                b = branch["BR_B"]
                tau = branch["TAP"] if branch["TAP"] != 0 else 1  # Handle TAP=0 case
                theta = branch["SHIFT"]

                # Calculate Y series and shunt admittance
                ys = 1 / (r + 1j * x)

                # Store the admittance components
                self.yff[line_index] = (ys + 1j * 0.5 * b) / (tau**2)
                self.yft[line_index] = -ys / (tau * np.exp(-1j * theta))
                self.ytf[line_index] = -ys / (tau * np.exp(1j * theta))
                self.ytt[line_index] = ys + 1j * 0.5 * b

                # Update bus connection matrices
                f_bus, t_bus = int(branch["F_BUS"]), int(branch["T_BUS"])  # Ensure indices are integers
                self.cf[line_index, f_bus] = 1
                self.ct[line_index, t_bus] = 1

            # Compute additional matrices
            self.yf = np.dot(np.diag(self.yff), self.cf) + np.dot(np.diag(self.yft), self.ct)
            self.yt = np.dot(np.diag(self.ytf), self.cf) + np.dot(np.diag(self.ytt), self.ct)
            self.ysh = self.buses["GS"].values + 1j * self.buses["BS"].values
            self.yb = np.dot(np.transpose(self.cf), self.yf) + np.dot(np.transpose(self.ct), self.yt) + np.diag(self.ysh)

            # Include admittance values in the branch DataFrame
            self.branches["GFF"] = np.real(self.yff)
            self.branches["BFF"] = np.imag(self.yff)
            self.branches["GFT"] = np.real(self.yft)
            self.branches["BFT"] = np.imag(self.yft)
            self.branches["GTF"] = np.real(self.ytf)
            self.branches["BTF"] = np.imag(self.ytf)
            self.branches["GTT"] = np.real(self.ytt)
            self.branches["BTT"] = np.imag(self.ytt)

        def initialize(self, voltages=None, angles=None):
            """Initialize the voltage magnitudes, angles, flows, and generation levels."""
            if voltages is None:
                voltages = np.ones(self.nbus)
            if angles is None:
                angles = np.zeros(self.nbus)
            self.buses["VOL0"] = voltages
            self.buses["ANG0"] = angles
            self.buses["VOLR0"] = voltages * np.cos(angles)
            self.buses["VOLI0"] = voltages * np.sin(angles)

            # Compute flows
            v = voltages * np.exp(1j * angles)
            sf = (self.cf @ v) * np.conj(self.yf @ v)
            st = (self.ct @ v) * np.conj(self.yt @ v)
            self.branches["PF0"] = np.real(sf)
            self.branches["QF0"] = np.imag(sf)
            self.branches["PT0"] = np.real(st)
            self.branches["QT0"] = np.imag(st)

            # Compute generator outputs
            sd = self.buses["PD"].values + 1j * self.buses["QD"].values
            sb = v * np.conj(self.yb @ v)
            sg = sb + sd
            self.generators["PG0"] = np.dot(np.real(sg), self.cg.T)
            self.generators["QG0"] = np.dot(np.imag(sg), self.cg.T)

        def summary(self):
            """Print summary of the network."""
            print(f"Number of buses: {self.nbus}")
            print(f"Number of lines: {self.nlin}")
            print(f"Number of generators: {self.ngen}")
            print(f"baseMVA: {self.baseMVA}")
            print("\nBuses:")
            print(self.buses.head())
            print("\nGenerators:")
            print(self.generators.head())
            print("\nBranches:")
            print(self.branches.head())
            print("\nGenerator Costs:")
            print(self.gencost.head())

        def compute_initial_bigm_dc(self):
            print("=======Computing initial bigM values for DC power flow")
            """Compute Big-M values for the different lines and return them in a DataFrame."""
            self.branches["PFUPDC"] = (1 / self.branches["BR_X"]) * (self.cf @ self.buses["AMAX"] - self.ct @ self.buses["AMIN"])
            self.branches["PFLODC"] = (1 / self.branches["BR_X"]) * (self.cf @ self.buses["AMIN"] - self.ct @ self.buses["AMAX"])

        def compute_initial_bigm_ac(self):
            print("=======Computing initial bigM values for AC power flow")
            """Compute Big-M values for the different lines and return them in a DataFrame."""
            v2max = self.max_voltage**2
            v2min = self.min_voltage**2
            cosmax = self.max_voltage**2
            cosmin = 0
            sinmax = self.max_voltage**2
            sinmin = -(self.max_voltage**2)
            self.branches["PFUPAC"] = self.branches["GFF"] * v2max + self.branches["GFT"] * cosmin + self.branches["BFT"] * sinmax
            self.branches["PFLOAC"] = self.branches["GFF"] * v2min + self.branches["GFT"] * cosmax + self.branches["BFT"] * sinmin
            self.branches["PTUPAC"] = self.branches["GTT"] * v2max + self.branches["GTF"] * cosmin + self.branches["BTF"] * sinmax
            self.branches["PTLOAC"] = self.branches["GTT"] * v2min + self.branches["GTF"] * cosmax + self.branches["BTF"] * sinmin
            self.branches["QFUPAC"] = -self.branches["BFF"] * v2max - self.branches["BFT"] * cosmin + self.branches["GFT"] * sinmin
            self.branches["QFLOAC"] = -self.branches["BFF"] * v2min - self.branches["BFT"] * cosmax + self.branches["GFT"] * sinmax
            self.branches["QTUPAC"] = -self.branches["BTT"] * v2max - self.branches["BTF"] * cosmin + self.branches["GTF"] * sinmin
            self.branches["QTLOAC"] = -self.branches["BTT"] * v2min - self.branches["BTF"] * cosmax + self.branches["GTF"] * sinmax

            # TODO: change bigm for AC case

        def solve_opf(self, opf_type="dc", switching="off", connectivity="off", solver="gurobi", options="outlev=1 timelimit=3600"):
            """Solve the optimal power flow problem using AMPL.
            Parameters:
            opf_type (str): Type of optimal power flow ('dc', 'acrect', 'acjabr')
            switching (str): Switching strategy ('off', 'nl', 'bigm')
            connectivity (str): Connectivity for topology solutions ('off', 'on')
            solver (str): Solver to use ('gurobi', 'cplex', 'cbc')
            options (str): Options for the solver
            Returns:
            dict: Results of the optimal power flow problem
            """
            # set the status of the lines
            if isinstance(switching, np.ndarray):
                self.branches["BR_STATUS"] = switching
            elif switching == "off":
                self.branches["BR_STATUS"] = 1
            elif switching == "nl":
                self.branches["BR_STATUS"] = 2
            elif switching == "bigm":
                self.branches["BR_STATUS"] = 3

            print(
                f"=======Solving OPF ({opf_type}) with switching {switching} and connectivity {connectivity} with solver {solver} and options {options}"
            )
            ampl = AMPL()
            ampl.reset()
            ampl.read(Path(__file__).parent / "opf.mod")

            ampl.set_data(self.buses, "N")
            ampl.set_data(self.generators, "G")
            ampl.set_data(self.branches, "L")
            ampl.set_data(self.gencost)
            ampl.param["CF"] = array2dict(self.cf)
            ampl.param["CT"] = array2dict(self.ct)
            ampl.param["CG"] = array2dict(self.cg)
            ampl.param["OPF_TYPE"] = opf_type
            ampl.param["CONNECTIVITY"] = connectivity
            ampl.param["BASEMVA"] = self.baseMVA
            ampl.param["MAXVOL"] = self.max_voltage
            ampl.param["MINVOL"] = self.min_voltage

            ampl.option["mp_options"] = options
            ampl.solve(solver=solver)
            solver_status = ampl.solve_result

            if solver_status == "solved" or solver_status == "limit":
                # Get the results
                genp_values = ampl.get_variable("genp").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                genq_values = ampl.get_variable("genq").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                gen_df = pd.DataFrame({"Pg": genp_values, "Qg": genq_values}, index=ampl.get_variable("genp").get_values().to_pandas().index)

                vol_values = ampl.get_variable("vol").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                ang_values = ampl.get_variable("ang").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                bus_df = pd.DataFrame({"Vm": vol_values, "Va": ang_values}, index=ampl.get_variable("vol").get_values().to_pandas().index)

                status_values = ampl.get_variable("status").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                flowpf_values = ampl.get_variable("flowpf").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                flowpt_values = ampl.get_variable("flowpt").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                flowqf_values = ampl.get_variable("flowqf").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                flowqt_values = ampl.get_variable("flowqt").get_values().to_pandas().values.flatten()
                line_df = pd.DataFrame(
                    {"switching": status_values, "Pf": flowpf_values, "Pt": flowpt_values, "Qf": flowqf_values, "Qt": flowqt_values},
                    index=ampl.get_variable("status").get_values().to_pandas().index,
                )

                return {
                    "obj": ampl.get_objective("total_cost").value(),
                    "time": ampl.get_value("_solve_time"),
                    "gen": gen_df,
                    "bus": bus_df,
                    "lin": line_df,
                    "status": "solved",
                }

            else:
                return {"obj": None, "time": None, "gen": None, "bus": None, "lin": None, "status": solver_status}