exponential_foreground — VIDEOSTREAM recursive op

Data kinds: videovideo

Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.exponential_foreground(video, alpha: 'float' = 0.05, threshold: 'float' = 0.1) -> 'np.ndarray' (to call the implementation directly, import videostream; videostream.exponential_foreground(video, alpha: 'float' = 0.05, threshold: 'float' = 0.1) -> 'np.ndarray'; from the registry, opsvideostream.get("exponential_foreground"))

Usage

Foreground masks `|frame − exponential background| > threshold → 0/1 (T, H, W) (video`).

> The detailed description below is the original text — the summary and the headings are translated.

`exponential_background と同じ指数移動平均 bg += α (frame - bg)` を回し、

各フレームで 更新後の `bg との差 |frame - bg| > threshold` を 1 にする。

先頭フレームは `bg の初期化に使われ差が 0 なので、t = 0` は全画素 0。

• `video: (T, H, W)` 配列か 2-D フレームの list。整数 dtype は最大値で

`[0, 1] に正規化、float はクリップ。NaN/Inf は ValueError`。

• `alpha: [0, 1]`。大きいほど背景が速く追従し、止まった物体は

約 `1/α 枚で消える。1 だと bg == frame` になり常に全画素 0。

• `threshold: [0, 1]` の強度単位。全画素共通の絶対閾なので、暗部の

雑音と明部の雑音を同じ閾で切ることになる。

• 返り値: `(T, H, W)` float64 の 0 / 1。

• 失敗: `ValueError`。

画素ごとの分散で閾を決めたいなら `running_gaussian_foreground`。ゴーストの

無い動き検出なら `three_frame_difference`。

Detailed usage guide

video_streaming family guide

Background guides (the physics and conventions behind this op)

mv_cables — ケーブル(規格・速度・給電・ロボットケーブル)

mv_frame_grabbers — フレームグラバーボード(光学系ではないが、撮れるかを決める)

mv_standards — カメラインターフェースの規格と団体

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

video_streamingpy -3.11 examples/video_streaming.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept video as input)

temporal_median_window · moving_average_window · background_subtraction_window · frame_difference_causal · exponential_background · running_mean_std · optical_flow_magnitude_stream · motion_history_image

Same category (recursive)

frame_difference_causal · exponential_background · running_mean_std


*Provenance: videostream.py — VIDEOSTREAM operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.