typed op• 資料種類:signal → signal
• 呼叫:fullseye.apply(img, "tb_quantize", a=0.5, b=0.5)(2-D 的模型是一張圖 + 兩個純量旋鈕 a,b∈[0,1])
*圖為在 128×128 合成輸入上實際執行的輸出。左為輸入，右為輸出。點雲以俯視散點顯示(亮度 = z)，一維序列為折線，體資料為沿 z 的最大值投影，影片為中間影格，複數影像為振幅；無法成像的回傳值直接顯示數值。*
掃描旋鈕 a(0.1 / 0.5 / 0.9，另一旋鈕取預設):
▸ tb_quantize: knob a sweep (docs site)
*旋鈕 b 不改變輸出(實測: 0.1 / 0.5 / 0.9 相同)。*
階段(前置運算子 → 本運算子，由左至右):
▸ tb_quantize: stages (docs site)
換別的影像(合成場景 / 照片 / 硬幣。上排為輸入，下排為對應輸出。旋鈕取預設):
▸ tb_quantize: other inputs (docs site)
給出誤差模型的純量量化器(可選抖動)。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
*bits* sets the number of levels `L = 2**bits` over the signal's own
min..max range. *mode* is `"round" (mid-tread, unbiased) or "truncate"`
(floor, the convention PIL's posterize and most fixed-point casts use).
The two differ by more than a rounding convention. With step
`Delta = range/(L-1) both have error variance Delta**2/12`, but
truncation also carries a mean of `-Delta/2`, so its mean square error is
truncate: Delta2/12 + (Delta/2)2 = Delta**2/3
round: Delta**2/12
— a factor of 4. Anything that measures a level (not just displays it)
must round.
*dither* adds noise before quantising so the error stops being a function
of the signal: `"tpdf"` (triangular, the audio standard — two uniform draws
summed, so the error's variance no longer depends on the sample value) or
`"rpdf"` (one uniform draw). Dither raises the total error power but removes
the correlation that makes quantisation audible as distortion rather than as
hiss. `seed` fixes the draw so the op stays deterministic.
Applicability. (1) The range is taken from *this* signal, so two signals
quantised separately do not share a scale. (2) `bits=1` with no dither is a
comparator, not a quantiser — the error model does not apply. (3) The error
model assumes the signal moves by more than a step between samples; on a flat
stretch the error is a constant offset, not noise.
Typed bridge of the 1d op `quantize into the 2-D evolution registry: the same implementation, called under the op(v, a, b) convention. a drives bits (default 8); b` is unused.
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
下面的程式已確認可以執行(與圖相同的輸入)。在 Studio 說明中，此區塊會變成按鈕，可當場載入並執行。
img_to_signal 0.50 0.50 tb_quantize 0.50 0.50
▸ Load this pipeline · Load & run
下面的範例呼叫的是底層帳本運算子 quantize。此橋接運算子只是把同一實作適配為 fn(v, a, b) 慣例，行為完全相同(只是呼叫形式不同)。
• poc_cold_chain_excursion — py -3.11 examples/poc_cold_chain_excursion.py
signal 作為輸入)identity · tb_create_funct_1d_array · tb_smooth_funct_1d_gauss · tb_smooth_funct_1d_mean · tb_derivate_funct_1d · tb_integrate_funct_1d · tb_zero_crossings_funct_1d · tb_abs_funct_1d
typed)tb_points_to_voxel · tb_estimate_point_normals · tb_iss_keypoints · tb_project_points · tb_render_point_depth · tb_statistical_outlier_removal · tb_radius_outlier_removal · tb_voxel_grid_downsample
*Provenance: ops.py — 2D 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.