wave op• 数据种类:image2d × image2d → image2d
• 调用: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.pupil_blur(image, pupil, defocus_waves=0.0, wavelength_um=0.55, f_number=5.6, pixel_pitch_um=5.0, oversample=4, opd_waves=None)(要直接调用实现,import optics; optics.pupil_blur(image, pupil, defocus_waves=0.0, wavelength_um=0.55, f_number=5.6, pixel_pitch_um=5.0, oversample=4, opd_waves=None);从台账取用则 opsoptics.get("pupil_blur"))
用某一波长带的光瞳形状 PSF 模糊图像。
> 以下的详细说明为原文 —— 摘要与标题已翻译。
The forward imaging model of *one* spectral band: the PSF of
:func:pupil_psf (same pupil / defocus / wavelength / f-number
arguments), binned to the image's pixel pitch so the blur is in the
image's own units, convolved with the image (FFT, reflect-padded borders so
a flat field stays flat and nothing wraps around). Call it once per band
with that band's `defocus_waves (from :func:defocus_from_shift` and a
focal shift versus wavelength) and you have the polychromatic image of a
lens with longitudinal chromatic aberration seen through any pupil — the
ingredient of the "colour from chromatic blur" hypothesis for
single-photoreceptor eyes (Stubbs & Stubbs, *PNAS* 113:8206, 2016).
Returns a float64 `image2d` of the image's shape. Linear: no clipping,
no re-normalisation of the image (the PSF sums to 1, so a constant image
is returned unchanged to rounding).
Ground truth it reproduces (measured, `tests/test_optics.py`): a constant
image is unchanged to 1e-12; a delta image returns the binned PSF itself
(the impulse response, to 1e-12 where the kernel fits); with
`defocus_waves = 0` and a diffraction spot much smaller than the pixel
(`lambda N = 0.8 um` on a 5 um pitch) a sharp edge is unchanged to
within 1 % — the *identity at focus*; the blurred image's total is the
input's total to 1e-9 (flux is conserved by the reflect padding).
Raises `ValueError: everything :func:pupil_psf` raises, plus
*image* not 2-D / smaller than 2x2 / over the size cap / complex / masked
/ non-finite, and a non-finite result (an FFT overflow).
Shift-invariant: one PSF for the whole field. Field-dependent blur
(vignetting, off-axis aberration) is `lensimage.render_through_lens`.
optics 的每个算子都先校验输入再计算(不让任何东西无声通过):
• 单位写进参数名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不会崩溃,而是给出「看着合理却是错的答案」,所以用命名来防。这里绝不从数值大小去猜单位。
• **字符串一律 ValueError** —— float('50') 会成功,于是未解析的配置值会被当成长度混进来(实测:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾返回看着合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隐式提升拒绝。
• **complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(仅接受实数槽位;拒绝无声丢弃虚部或剥掉掩码)。所有输入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError**。
• 逐项点名拒绝除零及其近亲:焦距 0、曲率半径 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光阑(全为 0,归一化变成 0/0)、总和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 矢量、物体位于前焦点(像在无穷远)。
• 只有两个算子会返回非有限值,而且都写进了契约:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外返回 far_mm = inf(这正是超焦距的定义),gaussian_beam 在束腰处返回 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半径)。两者都同时返回一个有限的搭档(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。**除此之外的无声 NaN/Inf 都在内部检出并 ValueError** ——「float64 溢出了」和「答案是无穷大」是两种不同的主张,不能拿后者的脸去交付前者。
• 尺寸上限:生成网格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,传入的场/PSF/光阑受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小参数引发巨大内部分配」的路径(实测:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的状态同样拒绝:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 矢量、负透过率、负强度、n-|m| 为奇数等非法 Zernike 指标。
• 示例数据目录(下载 URL / 许可证) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有领域)加合成图,3-D 给出真实数据源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下载 URL。
• 算子来历与参考文献 —— 该算子族所依据的研究/方法出处。
• 算法的正典(作者・年份)与用途见上面的族使用指南。
• optics_imaging — py -3.11 examples/optics_imaging.py
image2d 作为输入)fraunhofer_pattern · pupil_psf · psf_to_mtf · polarization_demosaic · polarization_demosaic_color · illumination_uniformity · render_through_lens · surface_defect
wave)airy_pattern · angular_spectrum_propagate · fraunhofer_pattern · gaussian_beam · defocus_from_shift · pupil_psf
*Provenance: optics.py — OPTICS 算子登记表。本条目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自动生成(请勿手工编辑)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.