quantize — ONED signal op

Datenarten: signalsignal

Aufruf: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.quantize(x, bits=8, mode='round', dither=None, seed=0) (die Implementierung direkt: import dsp; dsp.quantize(x, bits=8, mode='round', dither=None, seed=0); aus dem Register: ops1d.get("quantize"))

Verwendung

Skalarer Quantisierer mit angegebenem Fehlermodell, optional mit Dither.

> Die ausführliche Beschreibung unten ist der Originaltext — Zusammenfassung und Überschriften sind übersetzt.

*bits* sets the number of levels `L = 2**bits` over the signal's own

min..max range. *mode* is `"round" (mid-tread, unbiased) or "truncate"`

(floor, the convention PIL's posterize and most fixed-point casts use).

The two differ by more than a rounding convention. With step

`Delta = range/(L-1) both have error variance Delta**2/12`, but

truncation also carries a mean of `-Delta/2`, so its mean square error is

truncate: Delta2/12 + (Delta/2)2 = Delta**2/3

round: Delta**2/12

— a factor of 4. Anything that measures a level (not just displays it)

must round.

*dither* adds noise before quantising so the error stops being a function

of the signal: `"tpdf"` (triangular, the audio standard — two uniform draws

summed, so the error's variance no longer depends on the sample value) or

`"rpdf"` (one uniform draw). Dither raises the total error power but removes

the correlation that makes quantisation audible as distortion rather than as

hiss. `seed` fixes the draw so the op stays deterministic.

Applicability. (1) The range is taken from *this* signal, so two signals

quantised separately do not share a scale. (2) `bits=1` with no dither is a

comparator, not a quantiser — the error model does not apply. (3) The error

model assumes the signal moves by more than a step between samples; on a flat

stretch the error is a constant offset, not noise.

Referenzen (Beispieldaten, Literatur)

• Katalog der Beispieldaten (Download-URLs / Lizenzen) — 2-D nutzt skimage.data (BSD/Public Domain) plus synthetische Bilder, 3-D nennt Download-URLs echter Datenquellen (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Herkunft und Literatur der Operatoren — die Quellen der Forschung/Verfahren, auf denen diese Operatorfamilie beruht.

• Der kanonische Algorithmus (Autor, Jahr) und seine Anwendungen stehen im Familienleitfaden oben.

Ausführbare Beispiele (verifizierte Samples, die diesen Operator wirklich aufrufen)

poc_cold_chain_excursionpy -3.11 examples/poc_cold_chain_excursion.py

Typkompatible Folge-Operatoren (nehmen signal als Eingabe)

create_funct_1d_array · create_funct_1d_pairs · smooth_funct_1d_gauss · smooth_funct_1d_mean · derivate_funct_1d · integrate_funct_1d · zero_crossings_funct_1d · local_min_max_funct_1d

Gleiche Kategorie (signal)

lowpass · highpass · bandpass · envelope · rms · local_std · companding_mu_law · resample


*Provenance: dsp.py — ONED Operator-Registry. Diese Notiz wird von tools/opdocs.py md erzeugt (nicht von Hand bearbeiten).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.