surface_normals — 3D photometric op

Data kinds: image2dnormalmap

Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.surface_normals(z) (to call the implementation directly, import photometric; photometric.surface_normals(z); from the registry, ops3d.get("surface_normals"))

Usage

Height field z (HxW) → unit normals (H,W,3). n ∝ (−dz/dx, −dz/dy, 1). The forward depth → normal conversion.

> The detailed description below is the original text — the summary and the headings are translated.

`np.gradient の中心差分(端は片側差分)で行方向の dz/dy と列方向の dz/dx` を

取り、`n = (-dz/dx, -dz/dy, 1) を長さ 1 に正規化する(+1e-12` で零割を避ける)。

格子間隔を 1 画素とみなすので、`z` の単位が画素と異なる(mm 等)場合は事前に

`z / 画素ピッチ` へ換算しないと傾きが実際より強く/弱く出る。法線の z 成分は常に正

(カメラ向き)。返り値は float32 の `(H,W,3)`、第 3 軸は (x, y, z) 成分で x は列方向、

y は行方向。入力検証は無く、2-D 以外を渡すと `np.gradient` の展開で失敗する。

`integrate_normals の逆変換にあたり、photometric_stereo` の出力と同じ法線規約

なので、そのまま `render_lambertian` に渡して陰影画像を合成できる。

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

photometric_stereopy -3.11 examples_3d/photometric_stereo.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept normalmap as input)

fuse_to_voxel · render_shaded · phong_shade · matcap_shade · brdf_lommel_seeliger · brdf_hapke · bump_normals_fbm · integrate_normals

Same category (photometric)

photometric_stereo · integrate_normals · render_lambertian


*Provenance: photometric.py — 3D operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.