normal_from_reflection — 3D optics op

Data kinds: vector × vectorvector

Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.normal_from_reflection(incident, reflected) (to call the implementation directly, import match3d; match3d.normal_from_reflection(incident, reflected); from the registry, ops3d.get("normal_from_reflection"))

Usage

Recover a mirror surface's normal from the incident and reflected rays (deflectometry). n ∝ (r − d), pointing against the incident ray.

> The detailed description below is the original text — the summary and the headings are translated.

既知パターンの反射を観測 → 面法線 → 積分して鏡面形状。鏡面(反射)物体の形状計測の要。

`incident(面へ向かう入射方向)と reflected`(面から出る反射方向)を単位化し、

`n = unit(r − d) を **n·d <= 0`(入射に逆らう=入射側外向き)** になるよう符号を決めて

返す(単位ベクトル)。`r == d なら零ベクトル。最後の軸をベクトルとするので (N,3)`

バッチも通る(符号判定は全体の内積和で 1 回だけ行う)。

用途: 既知パターンの反射像から画素ごとに法線を作り(法線マップ)、`integrate_normals` で

高さに積分、`render_shaded で見た目を再現、reflect` で検算。

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

sensor_segpy -3.11 examples_3d/sensor_seg.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept vector as input)

fuse_to_voxel · reflect · refract · cast_shadow · shadow_raycast · carve_look_at · sample_surface

Same category (optics)

reflect · refract · fresnel_reflectance · snell_angle


*Provenance: match3d.py — 3D operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.