# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Operations on regular files, special files, directories, and symlinks.
=======================================================================

Salt States can aggressively manipulate files on a system. There are a number
of ways in which files can be managed.

Regular files can be enforced with the ``managed`` function. This function
downloads files from the salt master and places them on the target system.
The downloaded files can be rendered as a jinja, mako, or wempy template,
adding a dynamic component to file management. An example of ``file.managed``
which makes use of the jinja templating system would look like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /etc/http/conf/http.conf:
      file.managed:
        - source: salt://apache/http.conf
        - user: root
        - group: root
        - mode: 644
        - template: jinja
        - defaults:
            custom_var: "default value"
            other_var: 123
    {% if grains['os'] == 'Ubuntu' %}
        - context:
            custom_var: "override"
    {% endif %}

.. note::

    When using both the ``defaults`` and ``context`` arguments, note the extra
    indentation (four spaces instead of the normal two). This is due to an
    idiosyncrasy of how PyYAML loads nested dictionaries, and is explained in
    greater detail :ref:`here <nested-dict-indentation>`.

If using a template, any user-defined template variables in the file defined in
``source`` must be passed in using the ``defaults`` and/or ``context``
arguments. The general best practice is to place default values in
``defaults``, with conditional overrides going into ``context``, as seen above.

The ``source`` parameter can be specified as a list. If this is done, then the
first file to be matched will be the one that is used. This allows you to have
a default file on which to fall back if the desired file does not exist on the
salt fileserver. Here's an example:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /etc/foo.conf:
      file.managed:
        - source:
          - salt://foo.conf.{{ grains['fqdn'] }}
          - salt://foo.conf.fallback
        - user: foo
        - group: users
        - mode: 644

The ``source`` parameter can also specify a file in another Salt environment.
In this example ``foo.conf`` in the ``dev`` environment will be used instead.

.. code-block:: yaml

    /etc/foo.conf:
      file.managed:
        - source:
          - salt://foo.conf?saltenv=dev
        - user: foo
        - group: users
        - mode: '0644'

.. warning::

        When using a mode that includes a leading zero you must wrap the
        value in single quotes. If the value is not wrapped in quotes it
        will be read by YAML as an integer and evaluated as an octal.

Special files can be managed via the ``mknod`` function. This function will
create and enforce the permissions on a special file. The function supports the
creation of character devices, block devices, and fifo pipes. The function will
create the directory structure up to the special file if it is needed on the
minion. The function will not overwrite or operate on (change major/minor
numbers) existing special files with the exception of user, group, and
permissions. In most cases the creation of some special files require root
permisisons on the minion. This would require that the minion to be run as the
root user. Here is an example of a character device:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /var/named/chroot/dev/random:
      file.mknod:
        - ntype: c
        - major: 1
        - minor: 8
        - user: named
        - group: named
        - mode: 660

Here is an example of a block device:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /var/named/chroot/dev/loop0:
      file.mknod:
        - ntype: b
        - major: 7
        - minor: 0
        - user: named
        - group: named
        - mode: 660

Here is an example of a fifo pipe:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /var/named/chroot/var/log/logfifo:
      file.mknod:
        - ntype: p
        - user: named
        - group: named
        - mode: 660

Directories can be managed via the ``directory`` function. This function can
create and enforce the permissions on a directory. A directory statement will
look like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /srv/stuff/substuf:
      file.directory:
        - user: fred
        - group: users
        - mode: 755
        - makedirs: True

If you need to enforce user and/or group ownership or permissions recursively
on the directory's contents, you can do so by adding a ``recurse`` directive:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /srv/stuff/substuf:
      file.directory:
        - user: fred
        - group: users
        - mode: 755
        - makedirs: True
        - recurse:
          - user
          - group
          - mode

As a default, ``mode`` will resolve to ``dir_mode`` and ``file_mode``, to
specify both directory and file permissions, use this form:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /srv/stuff/substuf:
      file.directory:
        - user: fred
        - group: users
        - file_mode: 744
        - dir_mode: 755
        - makedirs: True
        - recurse:
          - user
          - group
          - mode

Symlinks can be easily created; the symlink function is very simple and only
takes a few arguments:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /etc/grub.conf:
      file.symlink:
        - target: /boot/grub/grub.conf

Recursive directory management can also be set via the ``recurse``
function. Recursive directory management allows for a directory on the salt
master to be recursively copied down to the minion. This is a great tool for
deploying large code and configuration systems. A state using ``recurse``
would look something like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

    /opt/code/flask:
      file.recurse:
        - source: salt://code/flask
        - include_empty: True

A more complex ``recurse`` example:

.. code-block:: yaml

    {% set site_user = 'testuser' %}
    {% set site_name = 'test_site' %}
    {% set project_name = 'test_proj' %}
    {% set sites_dir = 'test_dir' %}

    django-project:
      file.recurse:
        - name: {{ sites_dir }}/{{ site_name }}/{{ project_name }}
        - user: {{ site_user }}
        - dir_mode: 2775
        - file_mode: '0644'
        - template: jinja
        - source: salt://project/templates_dir
        - include_empty: True
'''

# Import python libs
import os
import shutil
import difflib
import logging
import re
import fnmatch
import json
import pprint

# Import third party libs
import yaml

# Import salt libs
import salt.utils
import salt.utils.templates
from salt.exceptions import CommandExecutionError
from salt._compat import string_types

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

COMMENT_REGEX = r'^([[:space:]]*){0}[[:space:]]?'

_ACCUMULATORS = {}


def _check_user(user, group):
    '''
    Checks if the named user and group are present on the minion
    '''
    err = ''
    if user:
        uid = __salt__['file.user_to_uid'](user)
        if uid == '':
            err += 'User {0} is not available '.format(user)
    if group:
        gid = __salt__['file.group_to_gid'](group)
        if gid == '':
            err += 'Group {0} is not available'.format(group)
    return err


def _gen_keep_files(name, require):
    '''
    Generate the list of files that need to be kept when a dir based function
    like directory or recurse has a clean.
    '''
    keep = set()
    keep.add(name)
    if isinstance(require, list):
        for comp in require:
            if 'file' in comp:
                keep.add(comp['file'])
                if os.path.isdir(comp['file']):
                    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(comp['file']):
                        for name in files:
                            keep.add(os.path.join(root, name))
                        for name in dirs:
                            keep.add(os.path.join(root, name))
    return list(keep)


def _check_file(name):
    ret = True
    msg = ''

    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        ret = False
        msg = 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name)
    elif not os.path.exists(name):
        ret = False
        msg = '{0}: file not found'.format(name)

    return ret, msg


def _clean_dir(root, keep, exclude_pat):
    '''
    Clean out all of the files and directories in a directory (root) while
    preserving the files in a list (keep) and part of exclude_pat
    '''
    removed = set()
    real_keep = set()
    real_keep.add(root)
    if isinstance(keep, list):
        for fn_ in keep:
            if not os.path.isabs(fn_):
                continue
            real_keep.add(fn_)
            while True:
                fn_ = os.path.dirname(fn_)
                real_keep.add(fn_)
                if fn_ in ['/', ''.join([os.path.splitdrive(fn_)[0], '\\'])]:
                    break

    for roots, dirs, files in os.walk(root):
        for name in files:
            nfn = os.path.join(roots, name)
            if nfn not in real_keep:
                # -- check if this is a part of exclude_pat(only). No need to
                # check include_pat
                if not _check_include_exclude(nfn[len(root) + 1:], None,
                                              exclude_pat):
                    continue
                removed.add(nfn)
                if not __opts__['test']:
                    os.remove(nfn)
        for name in dirs:
            nfn = os.path.join(roots, name)
            if nfn not in real_keep:
                # -- check if this is a part of exclude_pat(only). No need to
                # check include_pat
                if not _check_include_exclude(nfn[len(root) + 1:], None,
                                              exclude_pat):
                    continue
                removed.add(nfn)
                if not __opts__['test']:
                    shutil.rmtree(nfn)
    return list(removed)


def _error(ret, err_msg):
    ret['result'] = False
    ret['comment'] = err_msg
    return ret


def _get_recurse_dest(prefix, fn_, source, env):
    '''
    Return the destination path to copy the file path, fn_(as returned by
    a call to __salt__['cp.cache_dir']), to.
    '''
    local_roots = []
    if __opts__['file_client'] == 'local':
        local_roots = __opts__['file_roots'][env]
        local_roots.sort(key=len, reverse=True)

    srcpath = source[7:]  # the path after "salt://"

    # in solo mode(ie, file_client=='local'), fn_ is a path below
    # a file root; in remote mode, fn_ is a path below the cache_dir.
    for root in local_roots:
        rootlen = len(root)
        # if root is the longest prefix path of fn_
        if root == fn_[:rootlen]:
            cachedir = os.path.join(root, srcpath)
            break
    else:
        cachedir = os.path.join(
            __opts__['cachedir'], 'files', env, srcpath)

    return os.path.join(prefix, os.path.relpath(fn_, cachedir))


def _check_directory(name,
                     user,
                     group,
                     recurse,
                     mode,
                     clean,
                     require,
                     exclude_pat):
    '''
    Check what changes need to be made on a directory
    '''
    changes = {}
    if recurse:
        if not set(['user', 'group', 'mode']) >= set(recurse):
            return False, 'Types for "recurse" limited to "user", ' \
                          '"group" and "mode"'
        if 'user' not in recurse:
            user = None
        if 'group' not in recurse:
            group = None
        if 'mode' not in recurse:
            mode = None
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(name):
            for fname in files:
                fchange = {}
                path = os.path.join(root, fname)
                stats = __salt__['file.stats'](path, 'md5')
                if user is not None and user != stats.get('user'):
                    fchange['user'] = user
                if group is not None and group != stats.get('group'):
                    fchange['group'] = group
                if fchange:
                    changes[path] = fchange
            for name_ in dirs:
                path = os.path.join(root, name_)
                fchange = _check_dir_meta(path, user, group, mode)
                if fchange:
                    changes[path] = fchange
    else:
        fchange = _check_dir_meta(name, user, group, mode)
        if fchange:
            changes[name] = fchange
    if clean:
        keep = _gen_keep_files(name, require)
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(name):
            for fname in files:
                fchange = {}
                path = os.path.join(root, fname)
                if path not in keep:
                    if not _check_include_exclude(path[len(name) + 1:], None,
                                                  exclude_pat):
                        continue
                    fchange['removed'] = 'Removed due to clean'
                    changes[path] = fchange
            for name_ in dirs:
                fchange = {}
                path = os.path.join(root, name_)
                if path not in keep:
                    if not _check_include_exclude(path[len(name) + 1:], None,
                                                  exclude_pat):
                        continue
                    fchange['removed'] = 'Removed due to clean'
                    changes[path] = fchange

    if not os.path.isdir(name):
        changes[name] = {'directory': 'new'}
    if changes:
        comments = ['The following files will be changed:\n']
        for fn_ in changes:
            key, val = changes[fn_].keys()[0], changes[fn_].values()[0]
            comments.append('{0}: {1} - {2}\n'.format(fn_, key, val))
        return None, ''.join(comments)
    return True, 'The directory {0} is in the correct state'.format(name)


def _check_dir_meta(name,
                    user,
                    group,
                    mode):
    '''
    Check the changes in directory metadata
    '''
    stats = __salt__['file.stats'](name)
    changes = {}
    if not stats:
        changes['directory'] = 'new'
        return changes
    if user is not None and user != stats['user']:
        changes['user'] = user
    if group is not None and group != stats['group']:
        changes['group'] = group
    # Normalize the dir mode
    smode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](stats['mode'])
    mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](mode)
    if mode is not None and mode != smode:
        changes['mode'] = mode
    return changes


def _check_touch(name, atime, mtime):
    '''
    Check to see if a file needs to be updated or created
    '''
    if not os.path.exists(name):
        return None, 'File {0} is set to be created'.format(name)
    stats = __salt__['file.stats'](name)
    if atime is not None:
        if str(atime) != str(stats['atime']):
            return None, 'Times set to be updated on file {0}'.format(name)
    if mtime is not None:
        if str(mtime) != str(stats['mtime']):
            return None, 'Times set to be updated on file {0}'.format(name)
    return True, 'File {0} exists and has the correct times'.format(name)


def _get_symlink_ownership(path):
    return (
        __salt__['file.get_user'](path, follow_symlinks=False),
        __salt__['file.get_group'](path, follow_symlinks=False)
    )


def _check_symlink_ownership(path, user, group):
    '''
    Check if the symlink ownership matches the specified user and group
    '''
    cur_user, cur_group = _get_symlink_ownership(path)
    return ((cur_user == user) and (cur_group == group))


def _set_symlink_ownership(path, uid, gid):
    '''
    Set the ownership of a symlink and return a boolean indicating
    success/failure
    '''
    try:
        os.lchown(path, uid, gid)
    except OSError:
        pass
    return _check_symlink_ownership(
        path,
        __salt__['file.uid_to_user'](uid),
        __salt__['file.gid_to_group'](gid)
    )


def _symlink_check(name, target, force, user, group):
    '''
    Check the symlink function
    '''
    if not os.path.exists(name) and not os.path.islink(name):
        return None, 'Symlink {0} to {1} is set for creation'.format(
            name, target
        )
    if os.path.islink(name):
        if os.readlink(name) != target:
            return None, 'Link {0} target is set to be changed to {1}'.format(
                name, target
            )
        else:
            result = True
            msg = 'The symlink {0} is present'.format(name)
            if not _check_symlink_ownership(name, user, group):
                result = None
                msg += (
                    ', but the ownership of the symlink would be changed '
                    'from {2}:{3} to {0}:{1}'
                ).format(user, group, *_get_symlink_ownership(name))
            return result, msg
    else:
        if force:
            return None, ('The file or directory {0} is set for removal to '
                          'make way for a new symlink targeting {1}'
                          .format(name, target))
        return False, ('File or directory exists where the symlink {0} '
                       'should be. Did you mean to use force?'.format(name))


def _check_include_exclude(path_str, include_pat=None, exclude_pat=None):
    '''
     Check for glob or regexp patterns for include_pat and exclude_pat in the
     'path_str' string and return True/False conditions as follows.
      - Default: return 'True' if no include_pat or exclude_pat patterns are
        supplied
      - If only include_pat or exclude_pat is supplied: return 'True' if string
        passes the include_pat test or fails exclude_pat test respectively
      - If both include_pat and exclude_pat are supplied: return 'True' if
        include_pat matches AND exclude_pat does not match
    '''
    ret = True  # -- default true
    # Before pattern match, check if it is regexp (E@'') or glob(default)
    if include_pat:
        if re.match('E@', include_pat):
            retchk_include = True if re.search(
                include_pat[2:],
                path_str
            ) else False
        else:
            retchk_include = True if fnmatch.fnmatch(
                path_str,
                include_pat
            ) else False

    if exclude_pat:
        if re.match('E@', exclude_pat):
            retchk_exclude = False if re.search(
                exclude_pat[2:],
                path_str
            ) else True
        else:
            retchk_exclude = False if fnmatch.fnmatch(
                path_str,
                exclude_pat
            ) else True

    # Now apply include/exclude conditions
    if include_pat and not exclude_pat:
        ret = retchk_include
    elif exclude_pat and not include_pat:
        ret = retchk_exclude
    elif include_pat and exclude_pat:
        ret = retchk_include and retchk_exclude
    else:
        ret = True

    return ret


def _test_owner(kwargs, user=None):
    '''
    Convert owner to user, since other config management tools use owner,
    no need to punish people coming from other systems.
    PLEASE DO NOT DOCUMENT THIS! WE USE USER, NOT OWNER!!!!
    '''
    if user:
        return user
    if 'owner' in kwargs:
        log.warning(
            'Use of argument owner found, "owner" is invalid, please '
            'use "user"'
        )
        return kwargs['owner']

    return user


def _unify_sources_and_hashes(source=None, source_hash=None,
                              sources=None, source_hashes=None):
    '''
    Silly little function to give us a standard tuple list for sources and
    source_hashes
    '''
    if sources is None:
        sources = []

    if source_hashes is None:
        source_hashes = []

    if source and sources:
        return (False,
                "source and sources are mutually exclusive", [])

    if source_hash and source_hashes:
        return (False,
                "source_hash and source_hashes are mutually exclusive", [])

    if source:
        return (True, '', [(source, source_hash)])

    # Make a nice neat list of tuples exactly len(sources) long..
    return (True, '', map(None, sources, source_hashes[:len(sources)]))


def _get_template_texts(source_list=None,
                        template='jinja',
                        defaults=None,
                        context=None,
                        **kwargs):
    '''
    Iterate a list of sources and process them as templates.
    Returns a list of 'chunks' containing the rendered templates.
    '''

    ret = {'name': '_get_template_texts',
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': '',
           'data': []}

    if source_list is None:
        return _error(ret,
                      '_get_template_texts called with empty source_list')

    txtl = []

    for (source, source_hash) in source_list:

        tmpctx = defaults if defaults else {}
        if context:
            tmpctx.update(context)
        rndrd_templ_fn = __salt__['cp.get_template'](source, '',
                                  template=template, env=__env__,
                                  context=tmpctx, **kwargs)
        msg = 'cp.get_template returned {0} (Called with: {1})'
        log.debug(msg.format(rndrd_templ_fn, source))
        if rndrd_templ_fn:
            tmplines = None
            with salt.utils.fopen(rndrd_templ_fn, 'rb') as fp_:
                tmplines = fp_.readlines()
            if not tmplines:
                msg = 'Failed to read rendered template file {0} ({1})'
                log.debug(msg.format(rndrd_templ_fn, source))
                ret['name'] = source
                return _error(ret, msg.format(rndrd_templ_fn, source))
            txtl.append(''.join(tmplines))
        else:
            msg = 'Failed to load template file {0}'.format(source)
            log.debug(msg)
            ret['name'] = source
            return _error(ret, msg)

    ret['data'] = txtl
    return ret


def symlink(name,
            target,
            force=False,
            makedirs=False,
            user=None,
            group=None,
            mode=None,
            **kwargs):
    '''
    Create a symlink

    If the file already exists and is a symlink pointing to any location other
    than the specified target, the symlink will be replaced. If the symlink is
    a regular file or directory then the state will return False. If the
    regular file or directory is desired to be replaced with a symlink pass
    force: True.

    name
        The location of the symlink to create

    target
        The location that the symlink points to

    force
        If the location of the symlink exists and is not a symlink then the
        state will fail, set force to True and any file or directory in the way
        of the symlink file will be deleted to make room for the symlink

    makedirs
        If the location of the symlink does not already have a parent directory
        then the state will fail, setting makedirs to True will allow Salt to
        create the parent directory
    '''
    # Make sure that leading zeros stripped by YAML loader are added back
    mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](mode)

    user = _test_owner(kwargs, user=user)
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': ''}

    if user is None:
        user = __opts__['user']

    if group is None:
        group = __salt__['file.gid_to_group'](
            __salt__['user.info'](user).get('gid', 0)
        )

    preflight_errors = []
    uid = __salt__['file.user_to_uid'](user)
    gid = __salt__['file.group_to_gid'](group)

    if uid == '':
        preflight_errors.append('User {0} does not exist'.format(user))

    if gid == '':
        preflight_errors.append('Group {0} does not exist'.format(group))

    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        preflight_errors.append(
            'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name)
        )

    if preflight_errors:
        msg = '. '.join(preflight_errors)
        if len(preflight_errors) > 1:
            msg += '.'
        return _error(ret, msg)

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['result'], ret['comment'] = _symlink_check(name, target, force,
                                                       user, group)
        return ret

    if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(name)):
        if makedirs:
            __salt__['file.makedirs'](
                name,
                user=user,
                group=group,
                mode=mode)
        else:
            return _error(
                ret,
                'Directory {0} for symlink is not present'.format(
                    os.path.dirname(name)
                )
            )
    if os.path.islink(name):
        # The link exists, verify that it matches the target
        if os.readlink(name) != target:
            # The target is wrong, delete the link
            os.remove(name)
        else:
            if _check_symlink_ownership(name, user, group):
                # The link looks good!
                ret['comment'] = ('Symlink {0} is present and owned by '
                                  '{1}:{2}'.format(name, user, group))
            else:
                if _set_symlink_ownership(name, uid, gid):
                    ret['comment'] = ('Set ownership of symlink {0} to '
                                      '{1}:{2}'.format(name, user, group))
                    ret['changes']['ownership'] = '{0}:{1}'.format(user, group)
                else:
                    ret['result'] = False
                    ret['comment'] += (
                        'Failed to set ownership of symlink {0} to '
                        '{1}:{2}'.format(name, user, group)
                    )
            return ret

    elif os.path.isfile(name):
        # Since it is not a link, and is a file, error out
        if force:
            os.remove(name)
        else:
            return _error(ret, ('File exists where the symlink {0} should be'
                                .format(name)))
    elif os.path.isdir(name):
        # It is not a link or a file, it is a dir, error out
        if force:
            shutil.rmtree(name)
        else:
            return _error(ret, 'Directory exists where the symlink {0} '
                               'should be'.format(name))
    if not os.path.exists(name):
        # The link is not present, make it
        try:
            os.symlink(target, name)
        except OSError as exc:
            ret['result'] = False
            ret['comment'] = ('Unable to create new symlink {0} -> '
                              '{1}: {2}'.format(name, target, exc))
            return ret
        else:
            ret['comment'] = ('Created new symlink {0} -> '
                              '{1}'.format(name, target))
            ret['changes']['new'] = name

        if not _check_symlink_ownership(name, user, group):
            if not _set_symlink_ownership(name, uid, gid):
                ret['result'] = False
                ret['comment'] += (', but was unable to set ownership to '
                                   '{0}:{1}'.format(user, group))
    return ret


def absent(name):
    '''
    Verify that the named file or directory is absent, this will work to
    reverse any of the functions in the file state module.

    name
        The path which should be deleted
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': ''}
    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name)
        )
    if name == '/':
        return _error(ret, 'Refusing to make "/" absent')
    if os.path.isfile(name) or os.path.islink(name):
        if __opts__['test']:
            ret['result'] = None
            ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is set for removal'.format(name)
            return ret
        try:
            __salt__['file.remove'](name)
            ret['comment'] = 'Removed file {0}'.format(name)
            ret['changes']['removed'] = name
            return ret
        except CommandExecutionError as exc:
            return _error(ret, '{0}'.format(exc))

    elif os.path.isdir(name):
        if __opts__['test']:
            ret['result'] = None
            ret['comment'] = 'Directory {0} is set for removal'.format(name)
            return ret
        try:
            shutil.rmtree(name)
            ret['comment'] = 'Removed directory {0}'.format(name)
            ret['changes']['removed'] = name
            return ret
        except (OSError, IOError):
            return _error(ret, 'Failed to remove directory {0}'.format(name))

    ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is not present'.format(name)
    return ret


def exists(name):
    '''
    Verify that the named file or directory is present or exists.
    Ensures pre-requisites outside of Salt's purview
    (e.g., keytabs, private keys, etc.) have been previously satisfied before
    deployment.

    name
        Absolute path which must exist
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': ''}
    if not os.path.exists(name):
        return _error(ret, ('Specified path {0} does not exist').format(name))

    ret['comment'] = 'Path {0} exists'.format(name)
    return ret


def missing(name):
    '''
    Verify that the named file or directory is missing, this returns True only
    if the named file is missing but does not remove the file if it is present.

    name
        Absolute path which must NOT exist
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': ''}
    if os.path.exists(name):
        return _error(ret, ('Specified path {0} exists').format(name))

    ret['comment'] = 'Path {0} is missing'.format(name)
    return ret


def managed(name,
            source=None,
            source_hash='',
            user=None,
            group=None,
            mode=None,
            template=None,
            makedirs=False,
            dir_mode=None,
            context=None,
            replace=True,
            defaults=None,
            env=None,
            backup='',
            show_diff=True,
            create=True,
            contents=None,
            contents_pillar=None,
            **kwargs):
    '''
    Manage a given file, this function allows for a file to be downloaded from
    the salt master and potentially run through a templating system.

    name
        The location of the file to manage

    source
        The source file to download to the minion, this source file can be
        hosted on either the salt master server, or on an HTTP or FTP server.
        For files hosted on the salt file server, if the file is located on
        the master in the directory named spam, and is called eggs, the source
        string is salt://spam/eggs. If source is left blank or None, the file
        will be created as an empty file and the content will not be managed

        If the file is hosted on a HTTP or FTP server then the source_hash
        argument is also required

    source_hash:
        This can be either a file which contains a source hash string for
        the source, or a source hash string. The source hash string is the
        hash algorithm followed by the hash of the file:
        md5=e138491e9d5b97023cea823fe17bac22

        The file can contain checksums for several files, in this case every
        line must consist of full name of the file and checksum separated by
        space:

        Example::

            /etc/rc.conf md5=ef6e82e4006dee563d98ada2a2a80a27
            /etc/resolv.conf sha256=c8525aee419eb649f0233be91c151178b30f0dff8ebbdcc8de71b1d5c8bcc06a


    user
        The user to own the file, this defaults to the user salt is running as
        on the minion

    group
        The group ownership set for the file, this defaults to the group salt
        is running as on the minion

    mode
        The permissions to set on this file, aka 644, 0775, 4664

    template
        If this setting is applied then the named templating engine will be
        used to render the downloaded file, currently jinja, mako, and wempy
        are supported

    makedirs
        If the file is located in a path without a parent directory, then
        the state will fail. If makedirs is set to True, then the parent
        directories will be created to facilitate the creation of the named
        file.

    dir_mode
        If directories are to be created, passing this option specifies the
        permissions for those directories. If this is not set, directories
        will be assigned permissions from the 'mode' argument.

    replace
        If this file should be replaced.  If false, this command will
        not overwrite file contents but will enforce permissions if the file
        exists already.  Default is True.

    context
        Overrides default context variables passed to the template.

    defaults
        Default context passed to the template.

    backup
        Overrides the default backup mode for this specific file.

    show_diff
        If set to False, the diff will not be shown.

    create
        Default is True, if create is set to False then the file will only be
        managed if the file already exists on the system.

    contents
        Default is None.  If specified, will use the given string as the
        contents of the file.  Should not be used in conjunction with a source
        file of any kind.  Ignores hashes and does not use a templating engine.

    contents_pillar
        .. versionadded:: 0.17.0

        Operates like ``contents``, but draws from a value stored in pillar,
        using the pillar path syntax used in :mod:`pillar.get
        <salt.modules.pillar.get>`. This is useful when the pillar value
        contains newlines, as referencing a pillar variable using a jinja/mako
        template can result in YAML formatting issues due to the newlines
        causing indentation mismatches.
    '''
    # Make sure that leading zeros stripped by YAML loader are added back
    mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](mode)

    user = _test_owner(kwargs, user=user)
    ret = {'changes': {},
           'comment': '',
           'name': name,
           'result': True}
    if not create:
        if not os.path.isfile(name):
            # Don't create a file that is not already present
            ret['comment'] = ('File {0} is not present and is not set for '
                              'creation').format(name)
            return ret
    u_check = _check_user(user, group)
    if u_check:
        # The specified user or group do not exist
        return _error(ret, u_check)
    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name))

    if isinstance(env, salt._compat.string_types):
        msg = (
            'Passing a salt environment should be done using \'saltenv\' not '
            '\'env\'. This warning will go away in Salt Boron and this '
            'will be the default and expected behaviour. Please update your '
            'state files.'
        )
        salt.utils.warn_until('Boron', msg)
        ret.setdefault('warnings', []).append(msg)
        # No need to set __env__ = env since that's done in the state machinery

    if os.path.isdir(name):
        ret['comment'] = 'Specified target {0} is a directory'.format(name)
        ret['result'] = False
        return ret

    if context is None:
        context = {}
    elif not isinstance(context, dict):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Context must be formed as a dict')

    if contents and contents_pillar:
        return _error(
            ret, 'Only one of contents and contents_pillar is permitted')

    # If contents_pillar was used, get the pillar data
    if contents_pillar:
        contents = __salt__['pillar.get'](contents_pillar)
        # Make sure file ends in newline
        if not contents.endswith('\n'):
            contents += '\n'

    if not replace and os.path.exists(name):
       # Check and set the permissions if necessary
        ret, perms = __salt__['file.check_perms'](name,
                                                  ret,
                                                  user,
                                                  group,
                                                  mode)
        if __opts__['test']:
            ret['comment'] = 'File {0} not updated'.format(name)
        elif not ret['changes'] and ret['result']:
            ret['comment'] = ('File {0} exists with proper permissions. '
                              'No changes made.'.format(name))
        return ret

    if name in _ACCUMULATORS:
        if not context:
            context = {}
        context['accumulator'] = _ACCUMULATORS[name]

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['result'], ret['comment'] = __salt__['file.check_managed'](
            name,
            source,
            source_hash,
            user,
            group,
            mode,
            template,
            makedirs,
            context,
            defaults,
            __env__,
            contents,
            **kwargs
        )
        return ret

    # If the source is a list then find which file exists
    source, source_hash = __salt__['file.source_list'](
        source,
        source_hash,
        __env__
    )

    # Gather the source file from the server
    sfn, source_sum, comment_ = __salt__['file.get_managed'](
        name,
        template,
        source,
        source_hash,
        user,
        group,
        mode,
        __env__,
        context,
        defaults,
        **kwargs
    )
    if comment_ and contents is None:
        return _error(ret, comment_)
    else:
        return __salt__['file.manage_file'](name,
                                            sfn,
                                            ret,
                                            source,
                                            source_sum,
                                            user,
                                            group,
                                            mode,
                                            __env__,
                                            backup,
                                            template,
                                            show_diff,
                                            contents,
                                            dir_mode)


def directory(name,
              user=None,
              group=None,
              recurse=None,
              dir_mode=None,
              file_mode=None,
              makedirs=False,
              clean=False,
              require=None,
              exclude_pat=None,
              **kwargs):
    '''
    Ensure that a named directory is present and has the right perms

    name
        The location to create or manage a directory

    user
        The user to own the directory; this defaults to the user salt is
        running as on the minion

    group
        The group ownership set for the directory; this defaults to the group
        salt is running as on the minion

    recurse
        Enforce user/group ownership and mode of directory recursively. Accepts
        a list of strings representing what you would like to recurse.
        Example::

            /var/log/httpd:
                file.directory:
                - user: root
                - group: root
                - dir_mode: 755
                - file_mode: 644
                - recurse:
                    - user
                    - group
                    - mode

    dir_mode / mode
        The permissions mode to set any directories created.

    file_mode
        The permissions mode to set any files created if 'mode' is ran in
        'recurse'. This defaults to dir_mode.

    makedirs
        If the directory is located in a path without a parent directory, then
        the state will fail. If makedirs is set to True, then the parent
        directories will be created to facilitate the creation of the named
        file.

    clean
        Make sure that only files that are set up by salt and required by this
        function are kept. If this option is set then everything in this
        directory will be deleted unless it is required.

    require
        Require other resources such as packages or files

    exclude_pat
        When 'clean' is set to True, exclude this pattern from removal list
        and preserve in the destination.
    '''
    # Remove trailing slash, if present
    if name[-1] == '/':
        name = name[:-1]

    user = _test_owner(kwargs, user=user)

    if 'mode' in kwargs and not dir_mode:
        dir_mode = kwargs.get('mode', [])

    if not file_mode:
        file_mode = dir_mode

    # Make sure that leading zeros stripped by YAML loader are added back
    dir_mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](dir_mode)
    file_mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](file_mode)

    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': ''}
    u_check = _check_user(user, group)
    if u_check:
        # The specified user or group do not exist
        return _error(ret, u_check)
    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name))
    if os.path.isfile(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified location {0} exists and is a file'.format(name))
    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['result'], ret['comment'] = _check_directory(
            name,
            user,
            group,
            recurse or [],
            dir_mode,
            clean,
            require,
            exclude_pat)
        return ret

    if not os.path.isdir(name):
        # The dir does not exist, make it
        if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(name)):
            # The parent directory does not exist, create them
            if makedirs:
                __salt__['file.makedirs'](
                    name, user=user, group=group, mode=dir_mode
                )
            else:
                return _error(
                    ret, 'No directory to create {0} in'.format(name))

        __salt__['file.mkdir'](
            name, user=user, group=group, mode=dir_mode
        )
        ret['changes'][name] = 'New Dir'

    if not os.path.isdir(name):
        return _error(ret, 'Failed to create directory {0}'.format(name))

    # Check permissions
    ret, perms = __salt__['file.check_perms'](name, ret, user, group, dir_mode)

    if recurse:
        if not isinstance(recurse, list):
            ret['result'] = False
            ret['comment'] = '"recurse" must be formed as a list of strings'
        elif not set(['user', 'group', 'mode']) >= set(recurse):
            ret['result'] = False
            ret['comment'] = 'Types for "recurse" limited to "user", ' \
                             '"group" and "mode"'
        else:
            if 'user' in recurse:
                if user:
                    uid = __salt__['file.user_to_uid'](user)
                    # file.user_to_uid returns '' if user does not exist. Above
                    # check for user is not fatal, so we need to be sure user
                    # exists.
                    if isinstance(uid, basestring):
                        ret['result'] = False
                        ret['comment'] = 'Failed to enforce ownership for ' \
                                         'user {0} (user does not ' \
                                         'exist)'.format(user)
                else:
                    ret['result'] = False
                    ret['comment'] = 'user not specified, but configured as ' \
                                     'a target for recursive ownership ' \
                                     'management'
            if 'group' in recurse:
                if group:
                    gid = __salt__['file.group_to_gid'](group)
                    # As above with user, we need to make sure group exists.
                    if isinstance(gid, basestring):
                        ret['result'] = False
                        ret['comment'] = 'Failed to enforce group ownership ' \
                                         'for group {0}'.format(group, user)
                else:
                    ret['result'] = False
                    ret['comment'] = 'group not specified, but configured ' \
                                     'as a target for recursive ownership ' \
                                     'management'

            for root, dirs, files in os.walk(name):
                for fn_ in files:
                    full = os.path.join(root, fn_)
                    ret, perms = __salt__['file.check_perms'](
                        full,
                        ret,
                        user,
                        group,
                        file_mode)
                for dir_ in dirs:
                    full = os.path.join(root, dir_)
                    ret, perms = __salt__['file.check_perms'](
                        full,
                        ret,
                        user,
                        group,
                        dir_mode)

    if clean:
        keep = _gen_keep_files(name, require)
        removed = _clean_dir(name, list(keep), exclude_pat)
        if removed:
            ret['changes']['removed'] = removed
            ret['comment'] = 'Files cleaned from directory {0}'.format(name)

    if not ret['comment']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Directory {0} updated'.format(name)

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Directory {0} not updated'.format(name)
    elif not ret['changes'] and ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Directory {0} is in the correct state'.format(name)
    return ret


def recurse(name,
            source,
            clean=False,
            require=None,
            user=None,
            group=None,
            dir_mode=None,
            file_mode=None,
            sym_mode=None,
            template=None,
            context=None,
            defaults=None,
            env=None,
            include_empty=False,
            backup='',
            include_pat=None,
            exclude_pat=None,
            maxdepth=None,
            keep_symlinks=False,
            force_symlinks=False,
            **kwargs):
    '''
    Recurse through a subdirectory on the master and copy said subdirectory
    over to the specified path.

    name
        The directory to set the recursion in

    source
        The source directory, this directory is located on the salt master file
        server and is specified with the salt:// protocol. If the directory is
        located on the master in the directory named spam, and is called eggs,
        the source string is salt://spam/eggs

    clean
        Make sure that only files that are set up by salt and required by this
        function are kept. If this option is set then everything in this
        directory will be deleted unless it is required.

    require
        Require other resources such as packages or files

    user
        The user to own the directory, this defaults to the user salt is
        running as on the minion

    group
        The group ownership set for the directory, this defaults to the group
        salt is running as on the minion

    dir_mode
        The permissions mode to set any directories created

    file_mode
        The permissions mode to set any files created

    sym_mode
        The permissions mode to set on any symlink created

    template
        If this setting is applied then the named templating engine will be
        used to render the downloaded file, currently jinja, mako, and wempy
        are supported

    .. note::

        The template option is required when recursively applying templates.

    context
        Overrides default context variables passed to the template.

    defaults
        Default context passed to the template.

    include_empty
        Set this to True if empty directories should also be created
        (default is False)

    include_pat
        When copying, include only this pattern from the source. Default
        is glob match; if prefixed with 'E@', then regexp match.
        Example::

          - include_pat: hello*       :: glob matches 'hello01', 'hello02'
                                         ... but not 'otherhello'
          - include_pat: E@hello      :: regexp matches 'otherhello',
                                         'hello01' ...

    exclude_pat
        When copying, exclude this pattern from the source. If both
        include_pat and exclude_pat are supplied, then it will apply
        conditions cumulatively. i.e. first select based on include_pat, and
        then within that result apply exclude_pat.

        Also, when 'clean=True', exclude this pattern from the removal
        list and preserve in the destination.
        Example::

          - exclude_pat: APPDATA*               :: glob matches APPDATA.01,
                                                   APPDATA.02,.. for exclusion
          - exclude_pat: E@(APPDATA)|(TEMPDATA) :: regexp matches APPDATA
                                                   or TEMPDATA for exclusion

    maxdepth
        When copying, only copy paths which are depth maxdepth from the source
        path.
        Example::

          - maxdepth: 0      :: Only include files located in the source
                                directory
          - maxdepth: 1      :: Only include files located in the source
                                or immediate subdirectories

    keep_symlinks
        Keep symlinks when copying from the source. This option will cause
        the copy operation to terminate at the symlink. If you are after
        rsync-ish behavior, then set this to True.

    force_symlinks
        Force symlink creation. This option will force the symlink creation.
        If a file or directory is obstructing symlink creation it will be
        recursively removed so that symlink creation can proceed. This
        option is usually not needed except in special circumstances.
    '''
    user = _test_owner(kwargs, user=user)
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': {}  # { path: [comment, ...] }
           }

    if 'mode' in kwargs:
        ret['result'] = False
        ret['comment'] = (
            '\'mode\' is not allowed in \'file.recurse\'. Please use '
            '\'file_mode\' and \'dir_mode\'.'
        )
        return ret

    # Make sure that leading zeros stripped by YAML loader are added back
    dir_mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](dir_mode)
    file_mode = __salt__['config.manage_mode'](file_mode)

    u_check = _check_user(user, group)
    if u_check:
        # The specified user or group do not exist
        return _error(ret, u_check)
    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name))

    if isinstance(env, salt._compat.string_types):
        msg = (
            'Passing a salt environment should be done using \'saltenv\' not '
            '\'env\'. This warning will go away in Salt Boron and this '
            'will be the default and expected behaviour. Please update your '
            'state files.'
        )
        salt.utils.warn_until('Boron', msg)
        ret.setdefault('warnings', []).append(msg)
        # No need to set __env__ = env since that's done in the state machinery

    # Verify the source exists.
    _src_proto, _src_path = source.split('://', 1)

    if not _src_path:
        pass
    elif _src_path.strip('/') not in __salt__['cp.list_master_dirs'](__env__):
        ret['result'] = False
        ret['comment'] = (
            'The source: {0} does not exist on the master'.format(source)
        )
        return ret

    # Verify the target directory
    if not os.path.isdir(name):
        if os.path.exists(name):
            # it is not a dir, but it exists - fail out
            return _error(
                ret, 'The path {0} exists and is not a directory'.format(name))
        if not __opts__['test']:
            __salt__['file.makedirs_perms'](
                name, user, group, int(str(dir_mode), 8) if dir_mode else None)

    def add_comment(path, comment):
        comments = ret['comment'].setdefault(path, [])
        if isinstance(comment, basestring):
            comments.append(comment)
        else:
            comments.extend(comment)

    def merge_ret(path, _ret):
        # Use the most "negative" result code (out of True, None, False)
        if _ret['result'] is False or ret['result'] is True:
            ret['result'] = _ret['result']

        # Only include comments about files that changed
        if _ret['result'] is not True and _ret['comment']:
            add_comment(path, _ret['comment'])

        if _ret['changes']:
            ret['changes'][path] = _ret['changes']

    def manage_file(path, source):
        source = '{0}|{1}'.format(source[:7], source[7:])
        if clean and os.path.exists(path) and os.path.isdir(path):
            _ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': True, 'comment': ''}
            if __opts__['test']:
                _ret['comment'] = 'Replacing directory {0} with a ' \
                                  'file'.format(path)
                _ret['result'] = None
                merge_ret(path, _ret)
                return
            else:
                shutil.rmtree(path)
                _ret['changes'] = {'diff': 'Replaced directory with a '
                                           'new file'}
                merge_ret(path, _ret)

        # Conflicts can occur if some kwargs are passed in here
        pass_kwargs = {}
        faults = ['mode', 'makedirs', 'replace']
        for key in kwargs:
            if key not in faults:
                pass_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]

        _ret = managed(
            path,
            source=source,
            user=user,
            group=group,
            mode=file_mode,
            template=template,
            makedirs=True,
            context=context,
            replace=True,
            defaults=defaults,
            backup=backup,
            **pass_kwargs)
        merge_ret(path, _ret)

    def manage_directory(path):
        if os.path.basename(path) == '..':
            return
        if clean and os.path.exists(path) and not os.path.isdir(path):
            _ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': True, 'comment': ''}
            if __opts__['test']:
                _ret['comment'] = 'Replacing {0} with a directory'.format(path)
                _ret['result'] = None
                merge_ret(path, _ret)
                return
            else:
                os.remove(path)
                _ret['changes'] = {'diff': 'Replaced file with a directory'}
                merge_ret(path, _ret)

        _ret = directory(
            path,
            user=user,
            group=group,
            recurse=[],
            dir_mode=dir_mode,
            file_mode=None,
            makedirs=True,
            clean=False,
            require=None)
        merge_ret(path, _ret)

    # Process symlinks and return the updated filenames list
    def process_symlinks(filenames, symlinks):
        for lname, ltarget in symlinks.items():
            if not _check_include_exclude(os.path.relpath(lname, srcpath),
                                          include_pat,
                                          exclude_pat):
                continue
            srelpath = os.path.relpath(lname, srcpath)
            # Check for max depth
            if maxdepth is not None:
                srelpieces = srelpath.split('/')
                if not srelpieces[-1]:
                    srelpieces = srelpieces[:-1]
                if len(srelpieces) > maxdepth + 1:
                    continue
            # Check for all paths that begin with the symlink
            # and axe it leaving only the dirs/files below it.
            _filenames = filenames
            for filename in _filenames:
                if filename.startswith(lname):
                    log.debug('** skipping file ** {0}, it intersects a '
                              'symlink'.format(filename))
                    filenames.remove(filename)
            # Create the symlink along with the necessary dirs.
            # The dir perms/ownership will be adjusted later
            # if needed
            _ret = symlink(os.path.join(name, srelpath),
                           ltarget,
                           makedirs=True,
                           force=force_symlinks,
                           user=user,
                           group=group,
                           mode=sym_mode)
            if not _ret:
                continue
            merge_ret(os.path.join(name, srelpath), _ret)
            # Add the path to the keep set in case clean is set to True
            keep.add(os.path.join(name, srelpath))
        return filenames
    # If source is a list, find which in the list actually exists
    source, source_hash = __salt__['file.source_list'](source, '', __env__)

    keep = set()
    vdir = set()
    srcpath = source[7:]
    if not srcpath.endswith('/'):
        #we're searching for things that start with this *directory*.
        # use '/' since #master only runs on POSIX
        srcpath = srcpath + '/'
    fns_ = __salt__['cp.list_master'](__env__, srcpath)
    # If we are instructed to keep symlinks, then process them.
    if keep_symlinks:
        # Make this global so that emptydirs can use it if needed.
        symlinks = __salt__['cp.list_master_symlinks'](__env__, srcpath)
        fns_ = process_symlinks(fns_, symlinks)
    for fn_ in fns_:
        if not fn_.strip():
            continue

        # fn_ here is the absolute (from file_roots) source path of
        # the file to copy from; it is either a normal file or an
        # empty dir(if include_empty==true).

        relname = os.path.relpath(fn_, srcpath)
        if relname.startswith('..'):
            continue

        # Check for maxdepth of the relative path
        if maxdepth is not None:
            # Since paths are all master, just use POSIX separator
            relpieces = relname.split('/')
            # Handle empty directories (include_empty==true) by removing the
            # the last piece if it is an empty string
            if not relpieces[-1]:
                relpieces = relpieces[:-1]
            if len(relpieces) > maxdepth + 1:
                continue

        #- Check if it is to be excluded. Match only part of the path
        # relative to the target directory
        if not _check_include_exclude(relname, include_pat, exclude_pat):
            continue
        dest = os.path.join(name, relname)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(dest)
        keep.add(dest)

        if dirname not in vdir:
            # verify the directory perms if they are set
            manage_directory(dirname)
            vdir.add(dirname)

        src = 'salt://{0}'.format(fn_)
        manage_file(dest, src)

    if include_empty:
        mdirs = __salt__['cp.list_master_dirs'](__env__, srcpath)
        for mdir in mdirs:
            if not _check_include_exclude(os.path.relpath(mdir, srcpath),
                                          include_pat,
                                          exclude_pat):
                continue
            mdest = os.path.join(name, os.path.relpath(mdir, srcpath))
            # Check for symlinks that happen to point to an empty dir.
            if keep_symlinks:
                for link in symlinks:
                    if mdir.startswith(link, 0):
                        log.debug('** skipping empty dir ** {0}, it intersects'
                                  ' a symlink'.format(mdir))
                    continue
            manage_directory(mdest)
            keep.add(mdest)

    keep = list(keep)
    if clean:
        # TODO: Use directory(clean=True) instead
        keep += _gen_keep_files(name, require)
        removed = _clean_dir(name, list(keep), exclude_pat)
        if removed:
            if __opts__['test']:
                if ret['result']:
                    ret['result'] = None
                add_comment('removed', removed)
            else:
                ret['changes']['removed'] = removed

    # Flatten comments until salt command line client learns
    # to display structured comments in a readable fashion
    ret['comment'] = '\n'.join('\n#### {0} ####\n{1}'.format(
        k, v if isinstance(v, basestring) else '\n'.join(v)
    ) for (k, v) in ret['comment'].iteritems()).strip()

    if not ret['comment']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Recursively updated {0}'.format(name)

    if not ret['changes'] and ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'The directory {0} is in the correct state'.format(
            name
        )

    return ret


def replace(name,
            pattern,
            repl,
            count=0,
            flags=0,
            bufsize=1,
            backup='.bak',
            show_changes=True):
    '''
    Maintain an edit in a file

    .. versionadded:: 0.17.0

    Params are identical to :py:func:`~salt.modules.file.replace`.

    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    changes = __salt__['file.replace'](name,
                                       pattern,
                                       repl,
                                       count=count,
                                       flags=flags,
                                       bufsize=bufsize,
                                       backup=backup,
                                       dry_run=__opts__['test'],
                                       show_changes=show_changes)

    if changes:
        ret['changes'] = changes
        ret['comment'] = 'Changes were made'
    else:
        ret['comment'] = 'No changes were made'

    ret['result'] = True
    return ret


def blockreplace(name,
            marker_start='#-- start managed zone --',
            marker_end='#-- end managed zone --',
            content='',
            append_if_not_found=False,
            backup='.bak',
            show_changes=True):
    '''
    Maintain an edit in a file in a zone delimited by two line markers

    .. versionadded:: 0.18.0

    A block of content delimited by comments can help you manage several lines
    entries without worrying about old entries removal. This can help you maintaining
    an unmanaged file containing manual edits.
    Note: this function will store two copies of the file in-memory
    (the original version and the edited version) in order to detect changes
    and only edit the targeted file if necessary.

    :param name: Filesystem path to the file to be edited
    :param marker_start: The line content identifying a line as the start of
        the content block. Note that the whole line containing this marker will
        be considered, so whitespaces or extra content before or after the
        marker is included in final output
    :param marker_end: The line content identifying a line as the end of
        the content block. Note that the whole line containing this marker will
        be considered, so whitespaces or extra content before or after the
        marker is included in final output.
        Note: you can use file.accumulated and target this state. All accumulated
        datas dictionnaries content will be added as new lines in the content.
    :param content: The content to be used between the two lines identified by
        marker_start and marker_stop.
    :param append_if_not_found: False by default, if markers are not found and
        set to True then the markers and content will be appended to the file
    :param backup: The file extension to use for a backup of the file if any
        edit is made. Set to ``False`` to skip making a backup.
    :param dry_run: Don't make any edits to the file
    :param show_changes: Output a unified diff of the old file and the new
        file. If ``False`` return a boolean if any changes were made.

    :rtype: bool or str

     Exemple of usage with an accumulator and with a variable::

        {% set myvar = 42 %}
        hosts-config-block-{{ myvar }}:
          file.blockreplace:
            - name: /etc/hosts
            - marker_start: "# START managed zone {{ myvar }} -DO-NOT-EDIT-"
            - marker_end: "# END managed zone {{ myvar }} --"
            - content: 'First line of content'
            - append_if_not_found: True
            - backup: '.bak'
            - show_changes: True

        hosts-config-block-{{ myvar }}-accumulated1:
          file.accumulated:
            - filename: /etc/hosts
            - name: my-accumulator-{{ myvar }}
            - text: "text 2"
            - require_in:
              - file: foobar-config-block-{{ myvar }}

        hosts-config-block-{{ myvar }}-accumulated2:
          file.accumulated:
            - filename: /etc/hosts
            - name: my-accumulator-{{ myvar }}
            - text: |
                 text 3
                 text 4
            - require_in:
              - file: foobar-config-block-{{ myvar }}

    will generate and maintain a block of content in ``/etc/hosts``::

        # START managed zone 42 -DO-NOT-EDIT-
        First line of content
        text 2
        text 3
        text 4
        # END managed zone 42 --
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    if name in _ACCUMULATORS:
        accumulator = _ACCUMULATORS[name]
        for acc, acc_content in accumulator.iteritems():
            for line in acc_content:
                if content == '':
                    content = line
                else:
                    content += "\n" + line
    changes = __salt__['file.blockreplace'](name,
                                       marker_start,
                                       marker_end,
                                       content=content,
                                       append_if_not_found=append_if_not_found,
                                       backup=backup,
                                       dry_run=__opts__['test'],
                                       show_changes=show_changes)

    if changes:
        ret['changes'] = changes
        ret['comment'] = 'Changes were made'
    else:
        ret['comment'] = 'No changes were made'

    ret['result'] = True
    return ret


def sed(name,
        before,
        after,
        limit='',
        backup='.bak',
        options='-r -e',
        flags='g',
        negate_match=False):
    '''
    .. deprecated:: 0.17.0
       Use :py:func:`~salt.states.file.replace` instead.

    Maintain a simple edit to a file

    The file will be searched for the ``before`` pattern before making the
    edit.  In general the ``limit`` pattern should be as specific as possible
    and ``before`` and ``after`` should contain the minimal text to be changed.

    before
        A pattern that should exist in the file before the edit.
    after
        A pattern that should exist in the file after the edit.
    limit
        An optional second pattern that can limit the scope of the before
        pattern.
    backup : '.bak'
        The extension for the backed-up version of the file before the edit. If
        no backups is desired, pass in the empty string: ''
    options : ``-r -e``
        Any options to pass to the ``sed`` command. ``-r`` uses extended
        regular expression syntax and ``-e`` denotes that what follows is an
        expression that sed will execute.
    flags : ``g``
        Any flags to append to the sed expression. ``g`` specifies the edit
        should be made globally (and not stop after the first replacement).
    negate_match : False
        Negate the search command (``!``)

        .. versionadded:: 0.17.0

    Usage::

        # Disable the epel repo by default
        /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:
          file.sed:
            - before: 1
            - after: 0
            - limit: ^enabled=

        # Remove ldap from nsswitch
        /etc/nsswitch.conf:
          file.sed:
            - before: 'ldap'
            - after: ''
            - limit: '^passwd:'

    .. versionadded:: 0.9.5
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    # Mandate that before and after are strings
    before = str(before)
    after = str(after)

    # Look for the pattern before attempting the edit
    if not __salt__['file.sed_contains'](name,
                                         before,
                                         limit=limit,
                                         flags=flags):
        # Pattern not found; don't try to guess why, just tell the user there
        # were no changes made, as the changes should only be made once anyway.
        # This makes it so users can use backreferences without the state
        # coming back as failed all the time.
        ret['comment'] = '"before" pattern not found, no changes made'
        ret['result'] = True
        return ret

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is set to be updated'.format(name)
        ret['result'] = None
        return ret

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        slines = fp_.readlines()

    # should be ok now; perform the edit
    retcode = __salt__['file.sed'](path=name,
                                   before=before,
                                   after=after,
                                   limit=limit,
                                   backup=backup,
                                   options=options,
                                   flags=flags,
                                   negate_match=negate_match)['retcode']

    if retcode != 0:
        ret['result'] = False
        ret['comment'] = ('There was an error running sed.  '
                          'Return code {0}').format(retcode)
        return ret

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        nlines = fp_.readlines()

    if slines != nlines:
        if not salt.utils.istextfile(name):
            ret['changes']['diff'] = 'Replace binary file'
        else:
            # Changes happened, add them
            ret['changes']['diff'] = ''.join(difflib.unified_diff(slines,
                                                                  nlines))

            # Don't check the result -- sed is not designed to be able to check
            # the result, because of backreferences and so forth. Just report
            # that sed was run, and assume it was successful (no error!)
            ret['result'] = True
            ret['comment'] = 'sed ran without error'
    else:
        ret['result'] = True
        ret['comment'] = 'sed ran without error, but no changes were made'

    return ret


def comment(name, regex, char='#', backup='.bak'):
    '''
    Comment out specified lines in a file.

    name
        The full path to the file to be edited
    regex
        A regular expression used to find the lines that are to be commented;
        this pattern will be wrapped in parenthesis and will move any
        preceding/trailing ``^`` or ``$`` characters outside the parenthesis
        (e.g., the pattern ``^foo$`` will be rewritten as ``^(foo)$``)
        Note that you _need_ the leading ^, otherwise each time you run
        highstate, another comment char will be inserted.
    char : ``#``
        The character to be inserted at the beginning of a line in order to
        comment it out
    backup : ``.bak``
        The file will be backed up before edit with this file extension

        .. warning::

            This backup will be overwritten each time ``sed`` / ``comment`` /
            ``uncomment`` is called. Meaning the backup will only be useful
            after the first invocation.

    Usage::

        /etc/fstab:
          file.comment:
            - regex: ^bind 127.0.0.1

    .. versionadded:: 0.9.5
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    unanchor_regex = regex.lstrip('^').rstrip('$')

    # Make sure the pattern appears in the file before continuing
    if not __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](name, regex):
        if __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](name, unanchor_regex):
            ret['comment'] = 'Pattern already commented'
            ret['result'] = True
            return ret
        else:
            return _error(ret, '{0}: Pattern not found'.format(unanchor_regex))

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is set to be updated'.format(name)
        ret['result'] = None
        return ret
    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        slines = fp_.readlines()
    # Perform the edit
    __salt__['file.comment'](name, regex, char, backup)

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        nlines = fp_.readlines()

    # Check the result
    ret['result'] = __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](name,
                                                              unanchor_regex)

    if slines != nlines:
        if not salt.utils.istextfile(name):
            ret['changes']['diff'] = 'Replace binary file'
        else:
            # Changes happened, add them
            ret['changes']['diff'] = (
                ''.join(difflib.unified_diff(slines, nlines))
            )

    if ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Commented lines successfully'
    else:
        ret['comment'] = 'Expected commented lines not found'

    return ret


def uncomment(name, regex, char='#', backup='.bak'):
    '''
    Uncomment specified commented lines in a file

    name
        The full path to the file to be edited
    regex
        A regular expression used to find the lines that are to be uncommented.
        This regex should not include the comment character. A leading ``^``
        character will be stripped for convenience (for easily switching
        between comment() and uncomment()).  The regex will be searched for
        from the beginning of the line, ignoring leading spaces (we prepend
        '^[ \\t]*')
    char : ``#``
        The character to remove in order to uncomment a line
    backup : ``.bak``
        The file will be backed up before edit with this file extension;
        **WARNING:** each time ``sed``/``comment``/``uncomment`` is called will
        overwrite this backup

    Usage::

        /etc/adduser.conf:
          file.uncomment:
            - regex: EXTRA_GROUPS

    .. versionadded:: 0.9.5
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    # Make sure the pattern appears in the file
    if __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](
            name, '^[ \t]*{0}'.format(regex.lstrip('^'))):
        ret['comment'] = 'Pattern already uncommented'
        ret['result'] = True
        return ret
    elif __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](
            name, '{0}[ \t]*{1}'.format(char, regex.lstrip('^'))):
        # Line exists and is commented
        pass
    else:
        return _error(ret, '{0}: Pattern not found'.format(regex))

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is set to be updated'.format(name)
        ret['result'] = None
        return ret

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        slines = fp_.readlines()

    # Perform the edit
    __salt__['file.uncomment'](name, regex, char, backup)

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        nlines = fp_.readlines()

    # Check the result
    ret['result'] = __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](
        name, '^[ \t]*{0}'.format(regex.lstrip('^'))
    )

    if slines != nlines:
        if not salt.utils.istextfile(name):
            ret['changes']['diff'] = 'Replace binary file'
        else:
            # Changes happened, add them
            ret['changes']['diff'] = (
                ''.join(difflib.unified_diff(slines, nlines))
            )

    if ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Uncommented lines successfully'
    else:
        ret['comment'] = 'Expected uncommented lines not found'

    return ret


def append(name,
           text=None,
           makedirs=False,
           source=None,
           source_hash=None,
           template='jinja',
           sources=None,
           source_hashes=None,
           defaults=None,
           context=None):
    '''
    Ensure that some text appears at the end of a file

    The text will not be appended again if it already exists in the file. You
    may specify a single line of text or a list of lines to append.

    Multi-line example::

        /etc/motd:
          file.append:
            - text: |
                Thou hadst better eat salt with the Philosophers of Greece,
                than sugar with the Courtiers of Italy.
                - Benjamin Franklin

    Multiple lines of text::

        /etc/motd:
          file.append:
            - text:
              - Trust no one unless you have eaten much salt with him.
              - "Salt is born of the purest of parents: the sun and the sea."

    Gather text from multiple template files::

        /etc/motd:
          file:
              - append
              - template: jinja
              - sources:
                  - salt://motd/devops-messages.tmpl
                  - salt://motd/hr-messages.tmpl
                  - salt://motd/general-messages.tmpl

    .. versionadded:: 0.9.5
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}

    if sources is None:
        sources = []

    if source_hashes is None:
        source_hashes = []

    # Add sources and source_hashes with template support
    # NOTE: FIX 'text' and any 'source' are mutually exclusive as 'text'
    #       is re-assigned in the original code.
    (ok_, err, sl_) = _unify_sources_and_hashes(source=source,
                                                source_hash=source_hash,
                                                sources=sources,
                                                source_hashes=source_hashes)
    if not ok_:
        return _error(ret, err)

    if makedirs is True:
        dirname = os.path.dirname(name)
        if not __salt__['file.directory_exists'](dirname):
            __salt__['file.makedirs'](name)
            check_res, check_msg = _check_directory(
                dirname, None, None, False, None, False, False, None
            )
            if not check_res:
                return _error(ret, check_msg)

        # Make sure that we have a file
        __salt__['file.touch'](name)

    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)

    #Follow the original logic and re-assign 'text' if using source(s)...
    if sl_:
        tmpret = _get_template_texts(source_list=sl_,
                                     template=template,
                                     defaults=defaults,
                                     context=context)
        if not tmpret['result']:
            return tmpret
        text = tmpret['data']

    if isinstance(text, string_types):
        text = (text,)

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        slines = fp_.readlines()

    count = 0

    for chunk in text:

        if __salt__['file.contains_regex_multiline'](
                name, salt.utils.build_whitespace_split_regex(chunk)):
            continue

        try:
            lines = chunk.splitlines()
        except AttributeError:
            log.debug(
                'Error appending text to {0}; given object is: {1}'.format(
                    name, type(chunk)
                )
            )
            return _error(ret, 'Given text is not a string')

        for line in lines:
            if __opts__['test']:
                ret['comment'] = 'File {0} is set to be updated'.format(name)
                ret['result'] = None
                return ret
            __salt__['file.append'](name, line)
            count += 1

    with salt.utils.fopen(name, 'rb') as fp_:
        nlines = fp_.readlines()

    if slines != nlines:
        if not salt.utils.istextfile(name):
            ret['changes']['diff'] = 'Replace binary file'
        else:
            # Changes happened, add them
            ret['changes']['diff'] = (
                ''.join(difflib.unified_diff(slines, nlines))
            )

    ret['comment'] = 'Appended {0} lines'.format(count)
    ret['result'] = True
    return ret


def patch(name,
          source=None,
          hash=None,
          options='',
          dry_run_first=True,
          env=None,
          **kwargs):
    '''
    Apply a patch to a file. Note: a suitable ``patch`` executable must be
    available on the minion when using this state function.

    name
        The file to with the patch will be applied.

    source
        The source patch to download to the minion, this source file must be
        hosted on the salt master server. If the file is located in the
        directory named spam, and is called eggs, the source string is
        salt://spam/eggs. A source is required.

    hash
        Hash of the patched file. If the hash of the target file matches this
        value then the patch is assumed to have been applied. The hash string
        is the hash algorithm followed by the hash of the file:
        md5=e138491e9d5b97023cea823fe17bac22

    options
        Extra options to pass to patch.

    dry_run_first : ``True``
        Run patch with ``--dry-run`` first to check if it will apply cleanly.

    env
        Specify the environment from which to retrieve the patch file indicated
        by the ``source`` parameter. If not provided, this defaults to the
        environment from which the state is being executed.

    Usage::

        # Equivalent to ``patch --forward /opt/file.txt file.patch``
        /opt/file.txt:
          file.patch:
            - source: salt://file.patch
            - hash: md5=e138491e9d5b97023cea823fe17bac22
    '''
    ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': False, 'comment': ''}
    check_res, check_msg = _check_file(name)
    if not check_res:
        return _error(ret, check_msg)
    if not source:
        return _error(ret, 'Source is required')
    if hash is None:
        return _error(ret, 'Hash is required')

    if __salt__['file.check_hash'](name, hash):
        ret.update(result=True, comment='Patch is already applied')
        return ret

    if isinstance(env, salt._compat.string_types):
        msg = (
            'Passing a salt environment should be done using \'saltenv\' not '
            '\'env\'. This warning will go away in Salt Boron and this '
            'will be the default and expected behaviour. Please update your '
            'state files.'
        )
        salt.utils.warn_until('Boron', msg)
        ret.setdefault('warnings', []).append(msg)
        # No need to set __env__ = env since that's done in the state machinery

    # get cached file or copy it to cache
    cached_source_path = __salt__['cp.cache_file'](source, __env__)
    log.debug(
        'State patch.applied cached source {0} -> {1}'.format(
            source, cached_source_path
        )
    )

    if dry_run_first or __opts__['test']:
        ret['changes'] = __salt__['file.patch'](
            name, cached_source_path, options=options, dry_run=True
        )
        if __opts__['test']:
            ret['comment'] = 'File {0} will be patched'.format(name)
            ret['result'] = None
            return ret
        if ret['changes']['retcode']:
            return ret

    ret['changes'] = __salt__['file.patch'](
        name, cached_source_path, options=options
    )
    ret['result'] = not ret['changes']['retcode']
    if ret['result'] and not __salt__['file.check_hash'](name, hash):
        ret.update(
            result=False,
            comment='File {0} hash mismatch after patch was applied'.format(
                name
            )
        )
    return ret


def touch(name, atime=None, mtime=None, makedirs=False):
    '''
    Replicate the 'nix "touch" command to create a new empty
    file or update the atime and mtime of an existing file.

    Note that if you just want to create a file and don't care about atime or
    mtime, you should use ``file.managed`` instead, as it is more
    feature-complete.  (Just leave out the ``source``/``template``/``contents``
    arguments, and it will just create the file and/or check its permissions,
    without messing with contents)

    name
        name of the file

    atime
        atime of the file

    mtime
        mtime of the file

    makedirs
        whether we should create the parent directory/directories in order to
        touch the file

    Usage::

        /var/log/httpd/logrotate.empty:
          file.touch

    .. versionadded:: 0.9.5
    '''
    ret = {
        'name': name,
        'changes': {},
    }
    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name)
        )

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['result'], ret['comment'] = _check_touch(name, atime, mtime)
        return ret

    if makedirs:
        __salt__['file.makedirs'](name)
    if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(name)):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Directory not present to touch file {0}'.format(name)
        )

    ret['result'] = __salt__['file.touch'](name, atime, mtime)

    extant = os.path.exists(name)
    if not extant and ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Created empty file {0}'.format(name)
        ret['changes']['new'] = name
    elif extant and ret['result']:
        ret['comment'] = 'Updated times on {0} {1}'.format(
            'directory' if os.path.isdir(name) else 'file', name
        )

    return ret


def copy(name, source, force=False, makedirs=False):
    '''
    If the source file exists on the system, copy it to the named file. The
    named file will not be overwritten if it already exists unless the force
    option is set to True.

    name
        The location of the file to copy to

    source
        The location of the file to copy to the location specified with name

    force
        If the target location is present then the file will not be moved,
        specify "force: True" to overwrite the target file

    makedirs
        If the target subdirectories don't exist create them

    '''
    ret = {
        'name': name,
        'changes': {},
        'comment': '',
        'result': True}

    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name))

    if not os.path.exists(source):
        return _error(ret, 'Source file "{0}" is not present'.format(source))

    if os.path.lexists(source) and os.path.lexists(name):
        if not force:
            ret['comment'] = ('The target file "{0}" exists and will not be '
                              'overwritten'.format(name))
            ret['result'] = True
            return ret
        elif not __opts__['test']:
            # Remove the destination to prevent problems later
            try:
                if os.path.islink(name):
                    os.unlink(name)
                elif os.path.isfile(name):
                    os.remove(name)
                else:
                    shutil.rmtree(name)
            except (IOError, OSError):
                return _error(
                    ret,
                    'Failed to delete "{0}" in preparation for '
                    'forced move'.format(name)
                )

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'File "{0}" is set to be copied to "{1}"'.format(
            source,
            name
        )
        ret['result'] = None
        return ret

    # Run makedirs
    dname = os.path.dirname(name)
    if not os.path.isdir(dname):
        if makedirs:
            os.makedirs(dname)
        else:
            return _error(
                ret,
                'The target directory {0} is not present'.format(dname))
    # All tests pass, move the file into place
    try:
        shutil.copy(source, name)
    except (IOError, OSError):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Failed to copy "{0}" to "{1}"'.format(source, name))

    ret['comment'] = 'Copied "{0}" to "{1}"'.format(source, name)
    ret['changes'] = {name: source}
    return ret


def rename(name, source, force=False, makedirs=False):
    '''
    If the source file exists on the system, rename it to the named file. The
    named file will not be overwritten if it already exists unless the force
    option is set to True.

    name
        The location of the file to rename to

    source
        The location of the file to move to the location specified with name

    force
        If the target location is present then the file will not be moved,
        specify "force: True" to overwrite the target file

    makedirs
        If the target subdirectories don't exist create them

    '''
    ret = {
        'name': name,
        'changes': {},
        'comment': '',
        'result': True}

    if not os.path.isabs(name):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Specified file {0} is not an absolute path'.format(name))

    if not os.path.lexists(source):
        ret['comment'] = ('Source file "{0}" has already been moved out of '
                          'place').format(source)
        return ret

    if os.path.lexists(source) and os.path.lexists(name):
        if not force:
            ret['comment'] = ('The target file "{0}" exists and will not be '
                              'overwritten'.format(name))
            ret['result'] = False
            return ret
        elif not __opts__['test']:
            # Remove the destination to prevent problems later
            try:
                if os.path.islink(name):
                    os.unlink(name)
                elif os.path.isfile(name):
                    os.remove(name)
                else:
                    shutil.rmtree(name)
            except (IOError, OSError):
                return _error(
                    ret,
                    'Failed to delete "{0}" in preparation for '
                    'forced move'.format(name)
                )

    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['comment'] = 'File "{0}" is set to be moved to "{1}"'.format(
            source,
            name
        )
        ret['result'] = None
        return ret

    # Run makedirs
    dname = os.path.dirname(name)
    if not os.path.isdir(dname):
        if makedirs:
            os.makedirs(dname)
        else:
            return _error(
                ret,
                'The target directory {0} is not present'.format(dname))
    # All tests pass, move the file into place
    try:
        if os.path.islink(source):
            linkto = os.readlink(source)
            os.symlink(linkto, name)
            os.unlink(source)
        else:
            shutil.move(source, name)
    except (IOError, OSError):
        return _error(
            ret, 'Failed to move "{0}" to "{1}"'.format(source, name))

    ret['comment'] = 'Moved "{0}" to "{1}"'.format(source, name)
    ret['changes'] = {name: source}
    return ret


def accumulated(name, filename, text, **kwargs):
    '''
    Prepare accumulator which can be used in template in file.managed state.
    Accumulator dictionary becomes available in template. It can also be used
    in file.blockreplace.

    name
        Accumulator name

    filename
        Filename which would receive this accumulator (see file.managed state
        documentation about ``name``)

    text
        String or list for adding in accumulator

    require_in / watch_in
        One of them required for sure we fill up accumulator before we manage
        the file. Probably the same as filename
    '''
    ret = {
        'name': name,
        'changes': {},
        'result': True,
        'comment': ''
    }
    if not filter(lambda x: 'file' in x,
                  kwargs.get('require_in', []) + kwargs.get('watch_in', [])):
        ret['result'] = False
        ret['comment'] = 'Orphaned accumulator {0} in {1}:{2}'.format(
            name,
            kwargs['__sls__'],
            kwargs['__id__']
        )
        return ret
    if isinstance(text, string_types):
        text = (text,)
    if filename not in _ACCUMULATORS:
        _ACCUMULATORS[filename] = {}
    if name not in _ACCUMULATORS[filename]:
        _ACCUMULATORS[filename][name] = []
    for chunk in text:
        if chunk not in _ACCUMULATORS[filename][name]:
            _ACCUMULATORS[filename][name].append(chunk)
            ret['comment'] = ('Accumulator {0} for file {1} '
                              'was charged by text'.format(name, filename))
    return ret


def serialize(name,
              dataset,
              user=None,
              group=None,
              mode=None,
              env=None,
              backup='',
              show_diff=True,
              create=True,
              **kwargs):
    '''
    Serializes dataset and store it into managed file. Useful for sharing
    simple configuration files.

    name
        The location of the symlink to create

    dataset
        the dataset that will be serialized

    formatter
        Write the data as this format. Supported output formats:

        * JSON
        * YAML
        * Python (via pprint.pformat)

    user
        The user to own the directory, this defaults to the user salt is
        running as on the minion

    group
        The group ownership set for the directory, this defaults to the group
        salt is running as on the minion

    mode
        The permissions to set on this file, aka 644, 0775, 4664

    backup
        Overrides the default backup mode for this specific file.

    show_diff
        If set to False, the diff will not be shown.

    create
        Default is True, if create is set to False then the file will only be
        managed if the file already exists on the system.


    For example, this state::

        /etc/dummy/package.json:
          file.serialize:
            - dataset:
                name: naive
                description: A package using naive versioning
                author: A confused individual <iam@confused.com>
                dependencies:
                    express: >= 1.2.0
                    optimist: >= 0.1.0
                engine: node 0.4.1
            - formatter: json

    will manages the file ``/etc/dummy/package.json``::

        {
          "author": "A confused individual <iam@confused.com>",
          "dependencies": {
            "express": ">= 1.2.0",
            "optimist": ">= 0.1.0"
          },
          "description": "A package using naive versioning",
          "engine": "node 0.4.1"
          "name": "naive",
        }
    '''

    ret = {'changes': {},
           'comment': '',
           'name': name,
           'result': True}

    if isinstance(env, salt._compat.string_types):
        msg = (
            'Passing a salt environment should be done using \'saltenv\' not '
            '\'env\'. This warning will go away in Salt Boron and this '
            'will be the default and expected behaviour. Please update your '
            'state files.'
        )
        salt.utils.warn_until('Boron', msg)
        ret.setdefault('warnings', []).append(msg)
        # No need to set __env__ = env since that's done in the state machinery

    if not create:
        if not os.path.isfile(name):
            # Don't create a file that is not already present
            ret['comment'] = ('File {0} is not present and is not set for '
                              'creation').format(name)
            return ret

    formatter = kwargs.pop('formatter', 'yaml').lower()
    if formatter == 'yaml':
        contents = yaml.dump(dataset, default_flow_style=False)
    elif formatter == 'json':
        contents = json.dumps(dataset,
                              indent=2,
                              separators=(',', ': '),
                              sort_keys=True)
    elif formatter == 'python':
        contents = pprint.pformat(dataset)
    else:
        return {'changes': {},
                'comment': '{0} format is not supported'.format(
                    formatter.capitalized()),
                'name': name,
                'result': False
                }

    return __salt__['file.manage_file'](name=name,
                                        sfn='',
                                        ret=ret,
                                        source=None,
                                        source_sum={},
                                        user=user,
                                        group=group,
                                        mode=mode,
                                        env=__env__,
                                        backup=backup,
                                        template=None,
                                        show_diff=show_diff,
                                        contents=contents)


def mknod(name, ntype, major=0, minor=0, user=None, group=None, mode='0600'):
    '''
    Create a special file similar to the 'nix mknod command. The supported
    device types are ``p`` (fifo pipe), ``c`` (character device), and ``b``
    (block device). Provide the major and minor numbers when specifying a
    character device or block device. A fifo pipe does not require this
    information. The command will create the necessary dirs if needed. If a
    file of the same name not of the same type/major/minor exists, it will not
    be overwritten or unlinked (deleted). This is logically in place as a
    safety measure because you can really shoot yourself in the foot here and
    it is the behavior of 'nix ``mknod``. It is also important to note that not
    just anyone can create special devices. Usually this is only done as root.
    If the state is executed as none other than root on a minion, you may
    receive a permission error.

    name
        name of the file

    ntype
        node type 'p' (fifo pipe), 'c' (character device), or 'b'
        (block device)

    major
        major number of the device
        does not apply to a fifo pipe

    minor
        minor number of the device
        does not apply to a fifo pipe

    user
        owning user of the device/pipe

    group
        owning group of the device/pipe

    mode
        permissions on the device/pipe

    Usage::

        /dev/chr:
          file.mknod:
            - ntype: c
            - major: 180
            - minor: 31
            - user: root
            - group: root
            - mode: 660

        /dev/blk:
          file.mknod:
            - ntype: b
            - major: 8
            - minor: 999
            - user: root
            - group: root
            - mode: 660

       /dev/fifo:
         file.mknod:
           - ntype: p
           - user: root
           - group: root
           - mode: 660

    .. versionadded:: 0.17.0
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'comment': '',
           'result': False}

    if ntype == 'c':
        #  check for file existence
        if __salt__['file.file_exists'](name):
            ret['comment'] = (
                'File exists and is not a character device {0}. Cowardly '
                'refusing to continue'.format(name)
            )

        #if it is a character device
        elif not __salt__['file.is_chrdev'](name):
            if __opts__['test']:
                ret['comment'] = 'Character device {0} is set to be created'.format(
                    name
                )
                ret['result'] = None
            else:
                ret = __salt__['file.mknod'](name,
                                             ntype,
                                             major,
                                             minor,
                                             user,
                                             group,
                                             mode)

        #  check the major/minor
        else:
            devmaj, devmin = __salt__['file.get_devmm'](name)
            if (major, minor) != (devmaj, devmin):
                ret['comment'] = (
                    'Character device {0} exists and has a different '
                    'major/minor {1}/{2}. Cowardly refusing to continue'
                    .format(name, devmaj, devmin)
                )
            #check the perms
            else:
                ret = __salt__['file.check_perms'](name,
                                                   None,
                                                   user,
                                                   group,
                                                   mode)[0]
                if not ret['changes']:
                    ret['comment'] = (
                        'Character device {0} is in the correct state'.format(
                            name
                        )
                    )

    elif ntype == 'b':
        #  check for file existence
        if __salt__['file.file_exists'](name):
            ret['comment'] = (
                'File exists and is not a block device {0}. Cowardly '
                'refusing to continue'.format(name)
            )

        #  if it is a block device
        elif not __salt__['file.is_blkdev'](name):
            if __opts__['test']:
                ret['comment'] = 'Block device {0} is set to be created'.format(
                    name
                )
                ret['result'] = None
            else:
                ret = __salt__['file.mknod'](name,
                                             ntype,
                                             major,
                                             minor,
                                             user,
                                             group,
                                             mode)

        #  check the major/minor
        else:
            devmaj, devmin = __salt__['file.get_devmm'](name)
            if (major, minor) != (devmaj, devmin):
                ret['comment'] = (
                    'Block device {0} exists and has a different major/minor '
                    '{1}/{2}. Cowardly refusing to continue'.format(
                        name, devmaj, devmin
                    )
                )
            #  check the perms
            else:
                ret = __salt__['file.check_perms'](name,
                                                   None,
                                                   user,
                                                   group,
                                                   mode)[0]
                if not ret['changes']:
                    ret['comment'] = (
                        'Block device {0} is in the correct state'.format(name)
                    )

    elif ntype == 'p':
        #  check for file existence, if it is a fifo, user, group, and mode
        if __salt__['file.file_exists'](name):
            ret['comment'] = (
                'File exists and is not a fifo pipe {0}. Cowardly refusing '
                'to continue'.format(name)
            )

        #  if it is a fifo
        elif not __salt__['file.is_fifo'](name):
            if __opts__['test']:
                ret['comment'] = 'Fifo pipe {0} is set to be created'.format(
                    name
                )
                ret['result'] = None
            else:
                ret = __salt__['file.mknod'](name,
                                             ntype,
                                             major,
                                             minor,
                                             user,
                                             group,
                                             mode)

        #  check the perms
        else:
            ret = __salt__['file.check_perms'](name,
                                               None,
                                               user,
                                               group,
                                               mode)[0]
            if not ret['changes']:
                ret['comment'] = (
                    'Fifo pipe {0} is in the correct state'.format(name)
                )

    else:
        ret['comment'] = (
            'Node type unavailable: {0!r}. Available node types are '
            'character (\'c\'), block (\'b\'), and pipe (\'p\')'.format(ntype)
        )

    return ret
