# struct Socket::IPAddress

- Socket::IPAddress
- Socket::Address
- Struct
- Value
- Object

##
Overview

IP address representation.

Holds a binary representation of an IP address, either translated from a `String`, or directly received from an opened connection (e.g. `Socket#local_address`, `Socket#receive`).

`IPAddress` won't resolve domains, including `localhost`. If you must resolve an IP, or don't know whether a `String` contains an IP or a domain name, you should use `Addrinfo.resolve` instead.

##
Defined in:

socket/address.cr

##
Constant Summary

BROADCAST = `"255.255.255.255"`
BROADCAST6 = `"ff0X::1"`
LOOPBACK = `"127.0.0.1"`
LOOPBACK6 = `"::1"`
UNSPECIFIED = `"0.0.0.0"`
UNSPECIFIED6 = `"::"`

##
Constructors

- .from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr), addrlen) : IPAddress

  Creates an `IPAddress` from the internal OS representation.

- .from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr)) : IPAddress

  Creates an `IPAddress` from the internal OS representation.

- .new(address : String, port : Int32)

  Creates an `IPAddress` from the given IPv4 or IPv6 address and port number.

- .parse(uri : URI) : IPAddress

  Parses a `Socket::IPAddress` from an URI.

- .parse(uri : String) : self

  Parses a `Socket::IPAddress` from an URI.

- .v4(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, *, port : Int) : self

  Returns the IPv4 address `x0.x1.x2.x3:port`.

- .v4(fields : StaticArray(UInt8, 4), port : UInt16) : self

  Returns the IPv4 address with the given address fields and port number.

- .v4_mapped_v6(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, *, port : Int) : self

  Returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address `[::ffff:x0.x1.x2.x3]:port`.

- .v4_mapped_v6(fields : StaticArray(UInt8, 4), port : UInt16) : self

  Returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address with the given IPv4 address fields and port number.

- .v6(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, x4 : Int, x5 : Int, x6 : Int, x7 : Int, *, port : Int) : self

  Returns the IPv6 address `[x0:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5:x6:x7]:port`.

- .v6(fields : StaticArray(UInt16, 8), port : UInt16) : self

  Returns the IPv6 address with the given address fields and port number.

##
Class Method Summary

- .parse_v4_fields?(str : String) : StaticArray(UInt8, 4) | Nil

  Parses str as an IPv4 address and returns its fields, or returns `nil` if str does not contain a valid IPv4 address.

- .parse_v6_fields?(str : String) : StaticArray(UInt16, 8) | Nil

  Parses str as an IPv6 address and returns its fields, or returns `nil` if str does not contain a valid IPv6 address.

- .valid?(address : String) : Bool

  Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.

- .valid_port?(port : Int) : Bool

  Returns `true` if port is a valid port number.

- .valid_v4?(address : String) : Bool

  Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv4 address.

- .valid_v6?(address : String) : Bool

  Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv6 address.

##
Instance Method Summary

- #==(other : self)
- #address : String

  Returns a `String` representation of the IP address, without the port number.

- #hash(hasher)

  See `Object#hash(hasher)`

- #inspect(io : IO) : Nil

  Appends this struct's name and instance variables names and values to the given IO.

- #inspect : String

  Returns an unambiguous and information-rich string representation of this object, typically intended for developers.

- #link_local?

  Returns `true` if this IP is a link-local address.

- #loopback? : Bool

  Returns `true` if this IP is a loopback address.

- #port : Int32
- #pretty_print(pp)
- #private? : Bool

  Returns `true` if this IP is a private address.

- #to_s(io : IO) : Nil

  Writes the `String` representation of the IP address plus the port number to the given io.

- #to_s : String

  Returns a `String` representation of the IP address plus the port number.

- #to_unsafe : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr)
- #unspecified? : Bool

  Returns `true` if this IP is an unspecified address, either the IPv4 address `0.0.0.0` or the IPv6 address `::`.

### Instance methods inherited from struct `Socket::Address`

family : Family family, size : Int32 size, to_unsafe : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr) to_unsafe

### Constructor methods inherited from struct `Socket::Address`

from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr), addrlen) : Address
from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr)) : Address from, new(family : Family, size : Int32) new, parse(uri : URI) : self
parse(uri : String) : self parse

### Instance methods inherited from struct `Struct`

==(other) : Bool ==, hash(hasher) hash, inspect(io : IO) : Nil inspect, pretty_print(pp) : Nil pretty_print, to_s(io : IO) : Nil to_s

### Instance methods inherited from struct `Value`

==(other : JSON::Any)
==(other : YAML::Any)
==(other) ==, dup dup

### Instance methods inherited from class `Object`

! : Bool !, !=(other) !=, !~(other) !~, ==(other) ==, ===(other : JSON::Any)
===(other : YAML::Any)
===(other) ===, =~(other) =~, as(type : Class) as, as?(type : Class) as?, class class, dup dup, hash(hasher)
hash hash, in?(collection : Object) : Bool
in?(*values : Object) : Bool in?, inspect(io : IO) : Nil
inspect : String inspect, is_a?(type : Class) : Bool is_a?, itself itself, nil? : Bool nil?, not_nil!(message)
not_nil! not_nil!, pretty_inspect(width = 79, newline = "\n", indent = 0) : String pretty_inspect, pretty_print(pp : PrettyPrint) : Nil pretty_print, responds_to?(name : Symbol) : Bool responds_to?, tap(&) tap, to_json(io : IO) : Nil
to_json : String to_json, to_pretty_json(indent : String = " ") : String
to_pretty_json(io : IO, indent : String = " ") : Nil to_pretty_json, to_s(io : IO) : Nil
to_s : String to_s, to_yaml(io : IO) : Nil
to_yaml : String to_yaml, try(&) try, unsafe_as(type : T.class) forall T unsafe_as

### Class methods inherited from class `Object`

from_json(string_or_io, root : String)
from_json(string_or_io) from_json, from_yaml(string_or_io : String | IO) from_yaml

### Macros inherited from class `Object`

class_getter(*names, &block) class_getter, class_getter!(*names) class_getter!, class_getter?(*names, &block) class_getter?, class_property(*names, &block) class_property, class_property!(*names) class_property!, class_property?(*names, &block) class_property?, class_setter(*names) class_setter, def_clone def_clone, def_equals(*fields) def_equals, def_equals_and_hash(*fields) def_equals_and_hash, def_hash(*fields) def_hash, delegate(*methods, to object) delegate, forward_missing_to(delegate) forward_missing_to, getter(*names, &block) getter, getter!(*names) getter!, getter?(*names, &block) getter?, property(*names, &block) property, property!(*names) property!, property?(*names, &block) property?, setter(*names) setter

##
Constructor Detail

def self.from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr), addrlen) : IPAddress #

Creates an `IPAddress` from the internal OS representation. Supports both INET and INET6 families.

def self.from(sockaddr : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr)) : IPAddress #

Creates an `IPAddress` from the internal OS representation. Supports both INET and INET6 families.

def self.new(address : String, port : Int32) #

Creates an `IPAddress` from the given IPv4 or IPv6 address and port number.

address is parsed using `.parse_v4_fields?` and `.parse_v6_fields?`. Raises `Socket::Error` if address does not contain a valid IP address or the port number is out of range.

    require "socket"

    Socket::IPAddress.new("127.0.0.1", 8080)                 # => Socket::IPAddress(127.0.0.1:8080)
    Socket::IPAddress.new("fe80::2ab2:bdff:fe59:8e2c", 1234) # => Socket::IPAddress([fe80::2ab2:bdff:fe59:8e2c]:1234)

def self.parse(uri : URI) : IPAddress #

Parses a `Socket::IPAddress` from an URI.

It expects the URI to include `<scheme>://<host>:<port>` where `scheme` as well as any additional URI components (such as `path` or `query`) are ignored.

`host` must be an IP address (v4 or v6), otherwise `Socket::Error` will be raised. Domain names will not be resolved.

    require "socket"

    Socket::IPAddress.parse("tcp://127.0.0.1:8080") # => Socket::IPAddress.new("127.0.0.1", 8080)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse("udp://[::1]:8080")     # => Socket::IPAddress.new("::1", 8080)

def self.parse(uri : String) : self #

Parses a `Socket::IPAddress` from an URI.

It expects the URI to include `<scheme>://<host>:<port>` where `scheme` as well as any additional URI components (such as `path` or `query`) are ignored.

`host` must be an IP address (v4 or v6), otherwise `Socket::Error` will be raised. Domain names will not be resolved.

    require "socket"

    Socket::IPAddress.parse("tcp://127.0.0.1:8080") # => Socket::IPAddress.new("127.0.0.1", 8080)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse("udp://[::1]:8080")     # => Socket::IPAddress.new("::1", 8080)

def self.v4(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, *, port : Int) : self #

Returns the IPv4 address `x0.x1.x2.x3:port`.

Raises `Socket::Error` if any field or the port number is out of range.

def self.v4(fields : StaticArray(UInt8, 4), port : UInt16) : self #

Returns the IPv4 address with the given address fields and port number.

def self.v4_mapped_v6(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, *, port : Int) : self #

Returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address `[::ffff:x0.x1.x2.x3]:port`.

Raises `Socket::Error` if any field or the port number is out of range.

def self.v4_mapped_v6(fields : StaticArray(UInt8, 4), port : UInt16) : self #

Returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address with the given IPv4 address fields and port number.

def self.v6(x0 : Int, x1 : Int, x2 : Int, x3 : Int, x4 : Int, x5 : Int, x6 : Int, x7 : Int, *, port : Int) : self #

Returns the IPv6 address `[x0:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5:x6:x7]:port`.

Raises `Socket::Error` if any field or the port number is out of range.

def self.v6(fields : StaticArray(UInt16, 8), port : UInt16) : self #

Returns the IPv6 address with the given address fields and port number.

##
Class Method Detail

def self.parse_v4_fields?(str : String) : StaticArray(UInt8, 4) | Nil #

Parses str as an IPv4 address and returns its fields, or returns `nil` if str does not contain a valid IPv4 address.

The format of IPv4 addresses follows RFC 3493, section 6.3. No extensions (e.g. octal fields, fewer than 4 fields) are supported.

    require "socket"

    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v4_fields?("192.168.0.1")     # => UInt8.static_array(192, 168, 0, 1)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v4_fields?("255.255.255.254") # => UInt8.static_array(255, 255, 255, 254)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v4_fields?("01.2.3.4")        # => nil

def self.parse_v6_fields?(str : String) : StaticArray(UInt16, 8) | Nil #

Parses str as an IPv6 address and returns its fields, or returns `nil` if str does not contain a valid IPv6 address.

The format of IPv6 addresses follows RFC 4291, section 2.2. Both canonical and non-canonical forms are supported.

    require "socket"

    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v6_fields?("::1")                 # => UInt16.static_array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v6_fields?("a:0b:00c:000d:E:F::") # => UInt16.static_array(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v6_fields?("::ffff:192.168.1.1")  # => UInt16.static_array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc0a8, 0x0101)
    Socket::IPAddress.parse_v6_fields?("1::2::")              # => nil

def self.valid?(address : String) : Bool #

Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.

def self.valid_port?(port : Int) : Bool #

Returns `true` if port is a valid port number.

Valid port numbers are in the range `0..65_535`.

def self.valid_v4?(address : String) : Bool #

Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv4 address.

def self.valid_v6?(address : String) : Bool #

Returns `true` if address is a valid IPv6 address.

##
Instance Method Detail

def ==(other : self) #
def address : String #

Returns a `String` representation of the IP address, without the port number.

IPv6 addresses are canonicalized according to RFC 5952, section 4. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses use the mixed notation according to RFC 5952, section 5.

    require "socket"

    v4 = Socket::IPAddress.v4(UInt8.static_array(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080)
    v4.address # => "127.0.0.1"

    v6 = Socket::IPAddress.v6(UInt16.static_array(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1), 443)
    v6.address # => "2001:db8::1:0:0:1"

    mapped = Socket::IPAddress.v4_mapped_v6(UInt8.static_array(192, 168, 1, 15), 55001)
    mapped.address # => "::ffff:192.168.1.15"

To obtain both the address and the port number in one string, see `#to_s`.

def hash(hasher) #
Description copied from struct Struct

See `Object#hash(hasher)`

def inspect(io : IO) : Nil #
Description copied from struct Struct

Appends this struct's name and instance variables names and values to the given IO.

    struct Point
      def initialize(@x : Int32, @y : Int32)
      end
    end

    p1 = Point.new 1, 2
    p1.to_s    # "Point(@x=1, @y=2)"
    p1.inspect # "Point(@x=1, @y=2)"

def inspect : String #
Description copied from class Object

Returns an unambiguous and information-rich string representation of this object, typically intended for developers.

This method should usually not be overridden. It delegates to `#inspect(IO)` which can be overridden for custom implementations.

Also see `#to_s`.

def link_local? #

Returns `true` if this IP is a link-local address.

IPv4 addresses in `169.254.0.0/16` reserved by RFC 3927 and Link-Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses in `fe80::/10` reserved by RFC 4291 are considered link-local.

def loopback? : Bool #

Returns `true` if this IP is a loopback address.

In the IPv4 family, loopback addresses are all addresses in the subnet `127.0.0.0/24`. In IPv6 `::1` is the loopback address.

def port : Int32 #
def pretty_print(pp) #
def private? : Bool #

Returns `true` if this IP is a private address.

IPv4 addresses in `10.0.0.0/8`, `172.16.0.0/12` and `192.168.0.0/16` as defined in RFC 1918 and IPv6 Unique Local Addresses in `fc00::/7` as defined in RFC 4193 are considered private.

def to_s(io : IO) : Nil #

Writes the `String` representation of the IP address plus the port number to the given io.

IPv6 addresses are canonicalized according to RFC 5952, section 4, and surrounded within a pair of square brackets according to RFC 3986. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses use the mixed notation according to RFC 5952, section 5.

To obtain the address alone without the port number, see `#address`.

def to_s : String #

Returns a `String` representation of the IP address plus the port number.

IPv6 addresses are canonicalized according to RFC 5952, section 4, and surrounded within a pair of square brackets according to RFC 3986. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses use the mixed notation according to RFC 5952, section 5.

    require "socket"

    v4 = Socket::IPAddress.v4(UInt8.static_array(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080)
    v4.to_s # => "127.0.0.1:8080"

    v6 = Socket::IPAddress.v6(UInt16.static_array(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1), 443)
    v6.to_s # => "[2001:db8::1:0:0:1]:443"

    mapped = Socket::IPAddress.v4_mapped_v6(UInt8.static_array(192, 168, 1, 15), 55001)
    mapped.to_s # => "[::ffff:192.168.1.15]:55001"

To obtain the address alone without the port number, see `#address`.

def to_unsafe : Pointer(LibC::Sockaddr) #
def unspecified? : Bool #

Returns `true` if this IP is an unspecified address, either the IPv4 address `0.0.0.0` or the IPv6 address `::`.